circuler

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, post-Augustan form of circulor. Compare cercler, possibly an inherited doublet.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siʁ.ky.le/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

circuler

  1. (intransitive) to circulate
  2. (intransitive) to go by, to get around

Conjugation

Conjugation of circuler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple circuler
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple circulant
/siʁ.ky.lɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle circulé
/siʁ.ky.le/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present circule
/siʁ.kyl/ 		circules
/siʁ.kyl/ 		circule
/siʁ.kyl/ 		circulons
/siʁ.ky.lɔ̃/ 		circulez
/siʁ.ky.le/ 		circulent
/siʁ.kyl/
imperfect circulais
/siʁ.ky.lɛ/ 		circulais
/siʁ.ky.lɛ/ 		circulait
/siʁ.ky.lɛ/ 		circulions
/siʁ.ky.ljɔ̃/ 		circuliez
/siʁ.ky.lje/ 		circulaient
/siʁ.ky.lɛ/
past historic2 circulai
/siʁ.ky.le/ 		circulas
/siʁ.ky.la/ 		circula
/siʁ.ky.la/ 		circulâmes
/siʁ.ky.lam/ 		circulâtes
/siʁ.ky.lat/ 		circulèrent
/siʁ.ky.lɛʁ/
future circulerai
/siʁ.kyl.ʁe/ 		circuleras
/siʁ.kyl.ʁa/ 		circulera
/siʁ.kyl.ʁa/ 		circulerons
/siʁ.kyl.ʁɔ̃/ 		circulerez
/siʁ.kyl.ʁe/ 		circuleront
/siʁ.kyl.ʁɔ̃/
conditional circulerais
/siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ 		circulerais
/siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ 		circulerait
/siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ 		circulerions
/siʁ.ky.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		circuleriez
/siʁ.ky.lə.ʁje/ 		circuleraient
/siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present circule
/siʁ.kyl/ 		circules
/siʁ.kyl/ 		circule
/siʁ.kyl/ 		circulions
/siʁ.ky.ljɔ̃/ 		circuliez
/siʁ.ky.lje/ 		circulent
/siʁ.kyl/
imperfect2 circulasse
/siʁ.ky.las/ 		circulasses
/siʁ.ky.las/ 		circulât
/siʁ.ky.la/ 		circulassions
/siʁ.ky.la.sjɔ̃/ 		circulassiez
/siʁ.ky.la.sje/ 		circulassent
/siʁ.ky.las/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — circule
/siʁ.kyl/ 		— circulons
/siʁ.ky.lɔ̃/ 		circulez
/siʁ.ky.le/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Latin

Verb

circuler

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of circulō
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