cleofan

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”).

Germanic cognates include Old Saxon kliovan, Middle Dutch clieven (Dutch klieven), Old High German klioban, Old Norse kljúfa. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”), Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”), Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”).

Pronunciation

Verb

clēofan

  1. to cleave, split
    • Bordweall clufon aforan Eadweardes. ― Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)

Conjugation

Conjugation of clēofan (strong class 2)
infinitive clēofan clēofenne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular clēofe clēaf
second person singular clīefst clufe
third person singular clīefþ clēaf
plural clēofaþ clufon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular clēofe clufe
plural clēofen clufen
imperative
singular clēof
plural clēofaþ
participle present past
clēofende (ġe)clofen

Descendants

  • Middle English: cleven
    • English: cleave
    • Scots: cleave
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