Inherited from Old French clignier, clingnier, itself probably from a Vulgar Latin *clūdiniare < *clūdināre, a derivative of clūdō, clūdere, variant of claudō (“close, shut”) (cf. French clore); it may have been phonetically influenced (transition of -ui- to -i-) in early French by descendants of clināre (cf. Old French cliner), or more likely guigner.
cligner
| infinitive | simple | cligner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | clignant /kli.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cligné /kli.ɲe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cligne /kliɲ/ |
clignes /kliɲ/ |
cligne /kliɲ/ |
clignons /kli.ɲɔ̃/ |
clignez /kli.ɲe/ |
clignent /kliɲ/ |
| imperfect | clignais /kli.ɲɛ/ |
clignais /kli.ɲɛ/ |
clignait /kli.ɲɛ/ |
clignions /kli.ɲjɔ̃/ |
cligniez /kli.ɲje/ |
clignaient /kli.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | clignai /kli.ɲe/ |
clignas /kli.ɲa/ |
cligna /kli.ɲa/ |
clignâmes /kli.ɲam/ |
clignâtes /kli.ɲat/ |
clignèrent /kli.ɲɛʁ/ | |
| future | clignerai /kli.ɲə.ʁe/ |
cligneras /kli.ɲə.ʁa/ |
clignera /kli.ɲə.ʁa/ |
clignerons /kli.ɲə.ʁɔ̃/ |
clignerez /kli.ɲə.ʁe/ |
cligneront /kli.ɲə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | clignerais /kli.ɲə.ʁɛ/ |
clignerais /kli.ɲə.ʁɛ/ |
clignerait /kli.ɲə.ʁɛ/ |
clignerions /kli.ɲə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cligneriez /kli.ɲə.ʁje/ |
cligneraient /kli.ɲə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cligne /kliɲ/ |
clignes /kliɲ/ |
cligne /kliɲ/ |
clignions /kli.ɲjɔ̃/ |
cligniez /kli.ɲje/ |
clignent /kliɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | clignasse /kli.ɲas/ |
clignasses /kli.ɲas/ |
clignât /kli.ɲa/ |
clignassions /kli.ɲa.sjɔ̃/ |
clignassiez /kli.ɲa.sje/ |
clignassent /kli.ɲas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cligne /kliɲ/ |
— | clignons /kli.ɲɔ̃/ |
clignez /kli.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||