cloch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloch,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *klukā (compare Welsh clog).

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /kl̪ˠɞx/, /kl̪ˠɔx/^[2]
(Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /klˠɔx/, /kl̪ˠɔx/^[3]

Noun

cloch f (genitive singular cloiche, nominative plural clocha)

stone (substance; small piece of stone; central part of some fruits, consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer)
(Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
(anatomy) testicle
Synonyms: caid, magairle, úirí
stone (unit of mass)
Synonym: cloch mheáchain

Declension

Declension of cloch (second declension)

bare forms
case	singular	plural
nominative	cloch	clocha
vocative	a chloch	a chlocha
genitive	cloiche	cloch
dative	cloch cloich (archaic, dialectal)	clocha

forms with the definite article
case	singular	plural
nominative	an chloch	na clocha
genitive	na cloiche	na gcloch
dative	leis an gcloch leis an gcloich (archaic, dialectal) don chloch don chloich (archaic, dialectal)	leis na clocha

Derived terms

binse cloiche m (“rock shelf”)
bunchloch f (“foundation stone”)
cloch adhmainte f (“lodestone”)
cloch altóra f (“altar-stone”)
cloch ancaire f (“anchor stone”)
cloch aoil f (“limestone”)
cloch bhoinn f (“foundation stone”)
cloch bhró f (“millstone”)
cloch bhua f (“precious stone”)
cloch chairéil f (“quarry-stone”)
cloch cheangail f (“bond-stone”)
cloch chinn f (“headstone”)
cloch choirnéil f (“corner-stone”)
cloch chora f (“stepping-stone”)
cloch chormaic f (“(type of) granite”)
cloch chúinne f (“corner-stone”)
cloch chumaisc f (“pudding-stone”)
cloch dhín f (“cope-stone”)
cloch dhomlais f (“gall-stone”)
cloch dhuáin f (“kidney-stone”)
cloch dhuirlinge f (“cobble-stone”)
cloch dhúshraithe f (“foundation stone”)
cloch eibhir f (“granite”)
cloch fhaobhair f (“whetstone, hone”)
cloch fhorbháis f (“perched stone”)
cloch ghabhála f (“fulcrum (stone)”)
cloch ghainimh f (“sandstone”)
cloch ghallúnaí f (“soap-stone”)
cloch ghlas f (“greenstone; whinstone”)
cloch ghorm f (“blue-stone”)
cloch ghreama f (“bond-stone”)
cloch ghréine f (“quartz”)
cloch ghualainne f (“heavy casting-stone”)
cloch líofa f (“whetstone, hone”)
cloch lómhar f (“precious stone”)
cloch luachmhar f (“precious stone”)
cloch mhíle f (“milestone”)
cloch mhuilinn f (“millstone”)
cloch mhullaigh f (“cope-stone”)
cloch nirt f (“heavy casting-stone”)
cloch phaidrín f (“bead of rosary”)
cloch phluma f (“plum-stone”)
cloch phréacháin f (“cope-stone”)
cloch reatha f (“rolling stone”)
cloch róid f (“anchor stone”)
cloch scáil f (“quartz”)
cloch sceimhil f (“drip-stone”)
cloch shalainn f (“rock salt”)
cloch shileáin f (“drip-stone”)
cloch shilín f (“cherry-stone”)
cloch shneachta f (“hailstone”)
cloch shópa f (“soap-stone”)
cloch speile f (“scythe-stone”)
cloch spideoige f (“cope-stone”)
cloch tharraingthe f (“light casting-stone”)
cloch theampaill f (“taciturn person”)
cloch théide f (“anchor stone”)
cloch theorann f (“boundary stone”)
cloch thine f (“flint”)
cloch uasal f (“precious stone”)
clocha briste f pl (“road-metal”)
clocha cóirithe f pl (“ashlars”)
clocha fuail f pl (“gravel”)
clocha saoirseachta f pl (“building-stones”)
Na Clocha Liatha (“Greystones”)
obair chloiche f (“stone-work”)
órchloch f (“philosopher’s stone”)

Verb

cloch (present analytic clochann, future analytic clochfaidh, verbal noun clochadh, past participle clochta)

(transitive) stone

Conjugation

conjugation of cloch (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	clochaim	clochann tú; clochair^†	clochann sé, sí	clochaimid	clochann sibh	clochann siad; clochaid^†	a chlochann; a chlochas / a gclochann*	clochtar
	past	chloch mé; chlochas	chloch tú; chlochais	chloch sé, sí	chlochamar; chloch muid	chloch sibh; chlochabhair	chloch siad; chlochadar	a chloch / ar chloch*	clochadh
	past habitual	chlochainn / gclochainn‡‡	chlochtá / gclochtá‡‡	chlochadh sé, sí / gclochadh sé, sí‡‡	chlochaimis; chlochadh muid / gclochaimis‡‡; gclochadh muid‡‡	chlochadh sibh / gclochadh sibh‡‡	chlochaidís; chlochadh siad / gclochaidís‡‡; gclochadh siad‡‡	a chlochadh / a gclochadh*	chlochtaí / gclochtaí‡‡
future		clochfaidh mé; clochfad	clochfaidh tú; clochfair^†	clochfaidh sé, sí	clochfaimid; clochfaidh muid	clochfaidh sibh	clochfaidh siad; clochfaid^†	a chlochfaidh; a chlochfas / a gclochfaidh*	clochfar
conditional		chlochfainn / gclochfainn‡‡	chlochfá / gclochfá‡‡	chlochfadh sé, sí / gclochfadh sé, sí‡‡	chlochfaimis; chlochfadh muid / gclochfaimis‡‡; gclochfadh muid‡‡	chlochfadh sibh / gclochfadh sibh‡‡	chlochfaidís; chlochfadh siad / gclochfaidís‡‡; gclochfadh siad‡‡	a chlochfadh / a gclochfadh*	chlochfaí / gclochfaí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go gclocha mé; go gclochad^†	go gclocha tú; go gclochair^†	go gclocha sé, sí	go gclochaimid; go gclocha muid	go gclocha sibh	go gclocha siad; go gclochaid^†	—	go gclochtar
subjunctive	past	dá gclochainn	dá gclochtá	dá gclochadh sé, sí	dá gclochaimis; dá gclochadh muid	dá gclochadh sibh	dá gclochaidís; dá gclochadh siad	—	dá gclochtaí
imperative		clochaim	cloch	clochadh sé, sí	clochaimis	clochaigí; clochaidh^†	clochaidís	—	clochtar
verbal noun		clochadh
past participle		clochta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants

→ Yola: clouk, klouk

Mutation

Mutated forms of *cloch*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
cloch	chloch	gcloch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 159, page 81
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 149, page 58

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *klukā (“stone”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /klox/

Noun

cloch f

stone, rock
stone (as material)
precious stone, gem
(Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	cloch^L	cloich^L	clocha^H
vocative	cloch^L	cloich^L	clocha^H
accusative	cloich^N	cloich^L	clocha^H
genitive	cloiche^H	cloch^L	cloch^N
dative	cloich^L	clochaib	clochaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

clochach (“stony, rocky”, adjective)
clochaid (“stones; covers with stones”, verb)
clochamail (“stony, unyielding”, adjective)
clochán m (“paved road or causeway”)
clochar m (“stony place”)
clochda (“made of stone, stony”, adjective)

Descendants

Irish: cloch
Manx: clagh
Scottish Gaelic: clach

Mutation

Mutation of *cloch*
radical	lenition	nasalization
cloch	chloch	cloch pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈklot͡ʃ/
Rhymes: -otʃ
Syllabification: cloch

Noun

cloch m (plural cloches)

Alternative form of cloche

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh cloch, from Proto-Brythonic *klox, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Cornish clogh, Breton kloc'h, Old Irish cloc, Irish clog), of onomatopoeic origin. Doublet of cloc (“clock”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kloːχ/
Rhymes: -oːχ

Noun

cloch f (plural clych or clychau or clochau)

bell
1. (figuratively) someone who praises or proclaims
2. (figuratively) bell-shaped object, especially bubble
3. (figuratively) bell-like sound or noise, vociferation
prize, feat
o'clock, of the clock
Synonym: o'r gloch

Derived terms

cloch aberth (“sacring bell”)
cloch adarwr (“low-bell, bell used in fowling at night”)
cloch Afi (“Avel-bell”)
cloch angladd (“passing bell, death bell”)
cloch alarwm (“alarm bell, warning bell”)
cloch alw (“alarm-bell, call-bell; Sanctus bell”)
cloch (ar) ddwfr (“bubble”)
cloch babis (“harebell”)
cloch bach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
cloch Bangor (“harebell”)
cloch bugail (“harebell”)
cloch dân (“fire-alarm”)
cloch drydan (“electric bell”)
cloch dyn marw (“passing bell, death bell”)
cloch enaid (“passing bell, death bell”)
cloch Enid (“lily of the valley, May-lily”)
cloch fach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
cloch fach yn y glust (“a ringing or tingling in the ear”, literally “a little bell in the ear”)
cloch ginio (“dinner-bell”)
cloch glaw (“raindrop”)
cloch gnùl (“passing bell, death bell”)
cloch hwyrol (“curfew bell”)
cloch iâ (“icicle”)
cloch las (“bluebell”)
cloch las (“harebell”)
cloch law (“hand-bell”)
cloch Llundain (“Canterbury bells, bellflowers, throatwort”)
cloch maban (“snowdrop”)
cloch offeren (“sacring bell”)
cloch osber (“vesper bell”)
cloch rybudd (“alarm bell, warning bell”)
cloch soddi (“diving-bell”)
cloch suddo (“diving-bell”)
cloch tawch (“fog-bell”)
cloch wasanaeth (“church bell”)
cloch (y) baban (“snowdrop”)
cloch (y) drws (“door-bell”)
cloch y ffair (“bell rung to announce the commencement of a fair or market”)
cloch y gog (“bluebell”)
cloch y llan (“church bell”)
cloch y march (“yellow rattle”)
cloch y perthi (“Canterbury bells, hedge-bells, hedge-bindweed”)
cloch y tylwyth teg (“bluebell”)
cloch y tylwyth teg (“harebell”)
cloch yr eglwys (“church bell”)
cloch (yr) eos (“harebell”)
cloch yr ymadrodd (“uvula, epiglottis”)
clych y cerrig (“cup-lichen, cup-moss”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of *cloch*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cloch	gloch	nghloch	chloch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cloch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[2] Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 159, page 81

[3] Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 149, page 58

[1]

[2]

[3]

cloch

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

Mutation

References

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

References

Spanish

Pronunciation

Noun

Welsh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia