clois

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See also: clóis and Clois

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloisid, cloistid,[1] apparently a conflation of coistid (“is silent, listens”) with clúas (“hearing”). Coistid is a late form of con·túaisi, from Proto-Celtic *tausos (“silent”) (compare Old Irish tóe (“silent”), Welsh taw (“be silent”)), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ws- (“still, silent”) (compare Sanskrit तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm, “silently”). Clos is related to clúas (“hearing, ear”), from Proto-Celtic *kloustā (“hearing, ear”) (compare Welsh clust), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewst- (compare Old English hlyst (“hearing”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).

The past tense forms are suppletive and originally belonged to cluin, itself from Old Irish ro·cluinethar.

Pronunciation

Verb

clois (present analytic cloiseann, future analytic cloisfidh, verbal noun cloisteáil, past participle cloiste)

  1. (Munster, parts of Connacht) to hear

Conjugation

conjugation of clois (irregular)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cloisim cloiseann tú;
cloisir† 		cloiseann sé, sí cloisimid;
cloiseann muid 		cloiseann sibh cloiseann siad;
cloisid† 		a chloiseann; a chloiseas /
a gcloiseann*; a gcloiseas* 		cloistear
past chuala mé;
chualas 		chuala tú;
chualais 		chuala sé, sí chualamar;
chuala muid 		chuala sibh;
chualabhair 		chuala siad;
chualadar 		a chuala /
ar chuala* 		chualathas
past habitual chloisinn / gcloisinn‡‡ chloisteá / gcloisteᇇ chloiseadh sé, sí / gcloiseadh sé, s퇇 chloisimis;
chloiseadh muid / gcloisimis‡‡;
gcloiseadh muid‡‡ 		chloiseadh sibh / gcloiseadh sibh‡‡ chloisidís; chloiseadh siad / gcloisidís‡‡; gcloiseadh siad‡‡ a chloiseadh /
a gcloiseadh* 		chloistí / gcloist퇇
future cloisfidh mé;
cloisfead 		cloisfidh tú;
cloisfir† 		cloisfidh sé, sí cloisfimid;
cloisfidh muid 		cloisfidh sibh cloisfidh siad;
cloisfid† 		a chloisfidh, a chloisfeas /
a gcloisfidh*, a gcloisfeas* 		cloisfear
conditional chloisfinn / gcloisfinn‡‡ chloisfeá / gcloisfeᇇ chloisfeadh sé, sí / gcloisfeadh sé, s퇇 chloisfimis;
chloisfeadh muid / gcloisfimis‡‡;
gcloisfeadh muid‡‡ 		chloisfeadh sibh / gcloisfeadh sibh‡‡ chloisfidís;
chloisfeadh siad / gcloisfidís‡‡;
gcloisfeadh siad‡‡ 		a chloisfeadh /
a gcloisfeadh* 		chloisfí / gcloisf퇇
subjunctive present go gcloise mé;
go gcloisead† 		go gcloise tú;
go gcloisir† 		go gcloise sé, sí go gcloisimid;
go gcloise muid 		go gcloise sibh go gcloise siad;
go gcloisid† 		— go gcloistear
past dá gcloisinn dá gcloisteá dá gcloiseadh sé, sí dá gcloisimis;
dá gcloiseadh muid 		dá gcloiseadh sibh dá gcloisidís; dá gcloiseadh siad — dá gcloistí
imperative cloisim clois cloiseadh sé, sí cloisimis cloisigí;
cloisidh† 		cloisidís — cloistear
verbal noun cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint
past participle cloiste

*indirect relative
† dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Synonyms

  • cluin (Ulster; parts of Connacht)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
clois chlois gclois
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clois(t)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 155
  3. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht (in Irish), 2nd edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 215

Further reading

Welsh

Pronunciation

Verb

clois

  1. first-person singular preterite of cloi

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
clois glois nghlois chlois
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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