cocktail

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See also: Cocktail

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

Early 17th century, from cock (male bird) + tail, in the sense “(a horse with its) tail standing up, like a cock’s”. The origin of the extension to “an alcoholic mixed drink” is unknown. One theory is that it refers to a simulant (gingering), hence a simulating drink; compare pick-me-up.[1] Another attested use is for non-thoroughbred racehorses: these were considered "cock-tailed" due to their docked tails. This may have led to the term "cocktail" (sense 1) being used for an adulterated spirit.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

cocktail (plural cocktails)

  1. A mixed alcoholic beverage.
    Synonyms: mixed drink, (abbreviation) ckt
    They visited a bar noted for its wide range of cocktails.
    • 1806 May 6, “Rum! Rum! Rum!”, in Balance and Columbian Repository, volume v, number 18, New York: Hudson, page 142:
      [...] a certain candidate has placed in his account of Loss and Gain, the following items:-- LOSS [...] 411 glasses bitters[,] 25 do. cock-tail
    • 1806 May 13, “Communication”, in Balance and Columbian Repository, volume v, number 19, New York: Hudson, page 146:
      Cock tail, then, is a stimulating liquor, composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters — it is vulgarly called bittered sling, and is supposed to be an excellent electioneering potion, inasmuch as it renders the heart stout and bold, at the same time that it fuddles the head.
    • 1904, Charlotte Bryson Taylor, “Chapter VI”, in In the Dwellings of the Wilderness:
      Deane opened the fray by declaring, à propos of dinners, that the only proper way to create a cocktail of the genus Martini was to add a half-spoonful of sherry after the other ingredients had been satisfactorily mixed, if at all.
    • 1922, Sinclair Lewis, “Chapter 8”, in Babbitt:
      He moved majestically down to mix the cocktails. As he chipped ice, as he squeezed oranges, as he collected vast stores of bottles, glasses, and spoons at the sink in the pantry, he felt as authoritative as the bartender at Healey Hanson's saloon.
    • 2011, Mark Polonsky et al., USSR: From an Original Idea by Karl Marx, page 32:
      The cocktail in Britain is a rigidly-defined social institution: each has its own particular meaning—the G & T is the alcoholic equivalent of the interview suit; Pernod and black is an alternative to glue sniffing for repentant trendies, etc.
  2. (by extension) A mixture of other substances or things.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hodgepodge
    Scientists found a cocktail of pollutants in the river downstream from the chemical factory.
    a cocktail of illegal drugs
    • 2013, Andrew Farmer, Managing Environmental Pollution, Routledge, →ISBN, page 22:
      Motor vehicles, for example, emit a cocktail of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulates, heavy metals and (for diesel) sulphur dioxide.
    • 2019, Eliza Hartrich, “Edward IV, the Earl of Warwick, and a Changing Urban Sector, 1461–71”, in Politics and the Urban Sector in Fifteenth-Century England, 1413–1471, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 181:
      This chapter examines how the concurrent phenomena of an assertive monarch, persistent civil war, and economic change affected the political activities of townspeople in three ways: in the relationship between the ‘urban sector’ and the English polity, in the complexion of municipal internal politics, and in the nature of urban participation in the civil wars of 1469–71. In all three of these fields, the particular cocktail of circumstances present in the 1460s encouraged a wide variety of townspeople to become invested emotionally and materially in the course of national politics, as they had not been during much of the 1450s.
    • 2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, page 38:
      Terry Gourvish, the lead author if the authorised commercial history of BR, described the new BTC structure thus: "The conclusion must be that the combination of a few undynamic railwaymen, underpaid full-timers (Commission and General Staff) and poorly-paid part-time businessmen was not a very potent managerial cocktail."
  3. A horse, not of pure breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood in its veins.
    • 1868, Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, volume ii, John Murray, page 11:
      A “cock-tail” is a horse not purely bred, but with only one-eighth or one-sixteenth impure blood in his veins
  4. (UK, slang, dated) A mean, half-hearted fellow.
    Synonym: coward
  5. A species of rove beetle, so called from its habit of elevating the tail.

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

Adjective

cocktail (comparative more cocktail, superlative most cocktail)

  1. (obsolete) Ostentatiously lacking in manners.
    • 1830, Sporting Magazine:
      It looks very cocktail to be seen riding through the streets of London in a scarlet coat ;
    • 1840, The Sporting magazine:
      The Prince had nothing particular about him but a monstrous smart whip with a gold stag for a handle, which was pronounced a very cocktail looking instrument by the Leicestershire farmers, with whom His Serene Highness is no favorite
    • 2008, Christine Kelly, Mrs Duberly's War: Journal and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6, →ISBN:
      She always goes about with a brace of loaded revolvers in her belt!! Very cocktail and no occasion for it
    • 1875, Charles Thomas Samuel Birch Reynardson, 'Down the Road': Or, Reminiscences of a Gentleman Coachman:
      Nothing looks so cocktail and muffish on a coach as to see a man learning to catch his whip, and after many futile efforts taking it upside down for this purpose, and twisting the thong round and round with the point downwards, as if he was stirring porridge for a pack of hounds.

Verb

cocktail (third-person singular simple present cocktails, present participle cocktailing, simple past and past participle cocktailed)

  1. (transitive) To adulterate (fuel, etc.) by mixing in other substances.
  2. (transitive) To treat (a person) to cocktails.
    He dined and cocktailed her at the most exclusive bars and restaurants.

See also

References

  1. ^ Wondrich, David (2015) Imbibe!, Penguin, →ISBN, page 214
  2. ^ cocktail”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English cocktail, which is of unclear origin.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɔkteːl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: cock‧tail

Noun

cocktail m (plural cocktails, diminutive cocktailtje n)

  1. cocktail

Derived terms

Finnish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from English cocktail, which is of unclear origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

cocktail

  1. cocktail (mixed drink)

Declension

Inflection of cocktail (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative cocktail cocktailit
genitive cocktailin cocktailien
partitive cocktailia cocktaileja
illative cocktailiin cocktaileihin
singular plural
nominative cocktail cocktailit
accusative nom. cocktail cocktailit
gen. cocktailin
genitive cocktailin cocktailien
partitive cocktailia cocktaileja
inessive cocktailissa cocktaileissa
elative cocktailista cocktaileista
illative cocktailiin cocktaileihin
adessive cocktaililla cocktaileilla
ablative cocktaililta cocktaileilta
allative cocktailille cocktaileille
essive cocktailina cocktaileina
translative cocktailiksi cocktaileiksi
abessive cocktailitta cocktaileitta
instructive cocktailein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of cocktail (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

Synonyms

Derived terms

compounds

Further reading

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English cocktail, which is of unclear origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

cocktail m (plural cocktails)

  1. cocktail
    • 1977 December 17, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 24, page 14:
      J’espere que vous accepteriez cette invitation extraordinaire au voyage! Si vous voulez un rapport de qualite avec un homme mur et debonnair. Je propose, au debut, des cocktails dans une ambiance elegante pour une recontre joyeuse.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (metonymically) cocktail party
  3. a mixture or combination of things
    Un cocktail de médicaments

Derived terms

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English cocktail, which is of unclear origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

cocktail m (invariable)

  1. cocktail
  2. cocktail party

References

  1. ^ cocktail in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

From English cocktail.

Noun

cocktail m (definite singular cocktailen, indefinite plural cocktailer, definite plural cocktailene)

  1. cocktail

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English cocktail.

Noun

cocktail m (definite singular cocktailen, indefinite plural cocktailar, definite plural cocktailane)

  1. cocktail

References

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English cocktail or French cocktail.

Noun

cocktail n (plural cocktailuri)

  1. cocktail

Declension

singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative cocktail cocktailul cocktailuri cocktailurile
genitive-dative cocktail cocktailului cocktailuri cocktailurilor
vocative cocktailule cocktailurilor

Spanish

Noun

cocktail m (plural cocktails or cocktail)

  1. Alternative spelling of cóctel

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
en cocktail (sense 1)
en räkcocktail (sense 2)

Etymology

Borrowed from English cocktail. First attested in 1847.

Noun

cocktail c

  1. a cocktail (mixed alcoholic drink)
    blanda en cocktail
    mix a cocktail
  2. a cocktail (dish)
    räkcocktail
    shrimp cocktail
  3. (figuratively) a cocktail (mix)
    en cocktail av läkemedel
    a cocktail of drugs

Declension

Derived terms

See also

References

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Etymology

From English cocktail, which is of unclear origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

cocktail

  1. cocktail

See also