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Glass plate stressed by clamping it between two marbles. Placing it between two crossed polarizers as a makeshift colmascope reveals the stresses as photoelastic color patterns.
Stephen R. Wilk (2021) Sandbows and Black Lights, →ISBN, pages 47–:
A device like those in which one polariser is fixed and the other rotatable — often with marked gradations — is called a polariscope or a polarimeter. One in which the polarisers are fixed at right angles is often called a "colmascope", but this name is actually a trademarked device, first registered by American Optical company... the trademark has lapsedeffective 1997. The term "colmascope" has suffered the same fate as Kleenex and cellophane, shifting from trademark to generic name. I still see old Colmascopes in labs and workshops... Why did American Optical come up with the name "Colmascope" …? Certainly they wanted a name that would set their device apart from the other polariscopes on the market, so they cast about for something without "polari-" in the name. Their choice seems to derive from Greek rootkolmo- meaning "perpendicular", since it has the two axes of polarisation of the two polarizers set immovably perpendicular to each other.
