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c.1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 690:
Et por esta razõ sempre andou en andas et en colo dos omes ata que morreu.
And for this reason he always went in stretchers and in the arms of men until he died
1439, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 419:
Sisa das olas: Iten, ordenaron que qual quer persona que trouxer carga d'olas de fora parte a vender aa dita çidade, que page de cada carga d'olas, duas brancas e de un costal d'olas, hua branca, e do feixe das olas que trouxer en collo, un diñeyro, e de cada qántara, dous diñeiros
Assize of the pots: Item, they ordered that any person who brings a load of pots from the outside for selling inside this city, that they shall pay two white coins for each load; and a white coin for a sack; and for the lot that they carry in their arms, a coin; an two coins for each amphora
Non leves a nena no colo, deixa que ande. ― Don't carry the little girl in your arms, let her walk.
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “colo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
quam Iūnō fertur terrīs magis omnibus ūnam posthabitā coluisse Samō .
, which Juno is said to have cherished more than any other place, even Samos having been less esteemed . (The queen of the gods – Juno or Hera – cherished and protected Carthage even more than the island of Samos, where a large temple was dedicated to her worship. See: Juno (mythology); Carthage; Samos; Heraion of Samos.)
Pallas began to be worshiped on the Aventine summit. (A temple on the Aventine Hill had been dedicated to Pallas, an epithet of Athena, whom the Romans equated with Minerva.)
Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.
Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.
Usage notes
The words colō and excolō can be confused in usage. Their root being the Proto-Indo-European*kʷel-, originally colō probably meant turning (plowing for cultivation) the soil, and by extension of inhabiting a place; by further extension, it adopted the senses of improving said habitation by cultivating the land and through the specific nurture of crops. While figurative senses of nurturing and improving are attributable to colō, they are more properly rendered by excolō, since nurture and improvement are the parts of the (literal) process of land cultivation "out of" (ex-) which springs excolō, rendering the figurative and universal sense of cultivating. This means colō/cultus/cultiō can properly render cultivation strictly in the agricultural sense, while excolō/excultus/excultiō are for the senses of cultivation—improvement by means of effort or labor—in the general, non-agricultural sense.
“colo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“colo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
colo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
colo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
to keep up, foster a connection: amicitiam colere
to pay respect to, be courteous to a person: aliquem colere et observare (Att. 2. 19)
to be engaged in the pursuit of letters: litteras colere
to cultivate the mind: animum, ingenium excolere (not colere)
to preserve one's loyalty: fidem colere, servare
to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
to pay divine honours to some one: aliquem divino honere colere
to till the ground: agrum colere (Leg. Agr. 2. 25. 67)