consterno

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See also: consternó

Catalan

Verb

consterno

  1. first-person singular present indicative of consternar

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

cōn- +‎ sternō

Verb

cōnsternō (present infinitive cōnsternere, perfect active cōnstrāvī, supine cōnstrātum); third conjugation

  1. to strew over, bestrew, cover by strewing, spread, bespread; cover, thatch
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.443–444:
      it strīdor, et altae / cōnsternunt terram concussō stīpite frondēs; .
      the blowing shrieks, and as the trunk shudders, the lofty leaves strew down upon the ground; .
Conjugation
   Conjugation of cōnsternō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cōnsternō cōnsternis cōnsternit cōnsternimus cōnsternitis cōnsternunt
imperfect cōnsternēbam cōnsternēbās cōnsternēbat cōnsternēbāmus cōnsternēbātis cōnsternēbant
future cōnsternam cōnsternēs cōnsternet cōnsternēmus cōnsternētis cōnsternent
perfect cōnstrāvī cōnstrāvistī cōnstrāvit cōnstrāvimus cōnstrāvistis cōnstrāvērunt,
cōnstrāvēre
pluperfect cōnstrāveram cōnstrāverās cōnstrāverat cōnstrāverāmus cōnstrāverātis cōnstrāverant
future perfect cōnstrāverō cōnstrāveris cōnstrāverit cōnstrāverimus cōnstrāveritis cōnstrāverint
passive present cōnsternor cōnsterneris,
cōnsternere 		cōnsternitur cōnsternimur cōnsterniminī cōnsternuntur
imperfect cōnsternēbar cōnsternēbāris,
cōnsternēbāre 		cōnsternēbātur cōnsternēbāmur cōnsternēbāminī cōnsternēbantur
future cōnsternar cōnsternēris,
cōnsternēre 		cōnsternētur cōnsternēmur cōnsternēminī cōnsternentur
perfect cōnstrātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cōnstrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cōnstrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cōnsternam cōnsternās cōnsternat cōnsternāmus cōnsternātis cōnsternant
imperfect cōnsternerem cōnsternerēs cōnsterneret cōnsternerēmus cōnsternerētis cōnsternerent
perfect cōnstrāverim cōnstrāverīs cōnstrāverit cōnstrāverīmus cōnstrāverītis cōnstrāverint
pluperfect cōnstrāvissem cōnstrāvissēs cōnstrāvisset cōnstrāvissēmus cōnstrāvissētis cōnstrāvissent
passive present cōnsternar cōnsternāris,
cōnsternāre 		cōnsternātur cōnsternāmur cōnsternāminī cōnsternantur
imperfect cōnsternerer cōnsternerēris,
cōnsternerēre 		cōnsternerētur cōnsternerēmur cōnsternerēminī cōnsternerentur
perfect cōnstrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cōnstrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cōnsterne — — cōnsternite —
future — cōnsternitō cōnsternitō — cōnsternitōte cōnsternuntō
passive present — cōnsternere — — cōnsterniminī —
future — cōnsternitor cōnsternitor — — cōnsternuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cōnsternere cōnstrāvisse cōnstrātūrum esse cōnsternī cōnstrātum esse cōnstrātum īrī
participles cōnsternēns — cōnstrātūrus — cōnstrātus cōnsternendus,
cōnsternundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
cōnsternendī cōnsternendō cōnsternendum cōnsternendō cōnstrātum cōnstrātū

Etymology 2

Same prefix and root as above; derivation of the ending is disputed.[1] Can be interpreted as con- +‎ sternō +‎ -ō (compound verb suffix). Can alternatively be explained as a durative.

Verb

cōnsternō (present infinitive cōnsternāre, perfect active cōnsternāvī, supine cōnsternātum); first conjugation

  1. to alarm, shock, startle, terrify, throw into confusion
    Synonyms: perterreō, terreō, exterreō, conterreō, absterreō, deterreō, exciō
Conjugation
   Conjugation of cōnsternō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cōnsternō cōnsternās cōnsternat cōnsternāmus cōnsternātis cōnsternant
imperfect cōnsternābam cōnsternābās cōnsternābat cōnsternābāmus cōnsternābātis cōnsternābant
future cōnsternābō cōnsternābis cōnsternābit cōnsternābimus cōnsternābitis cōnsternābunt
perfect cōnsternāvī cōnsternāvistī cōnsternāvit cōnsternāvimus cōnsternāvistis cōnsternāvērunt,
cōnsternāvēre
pluperfect cōnsternāveram cōnsternāverās cōnsternāverat cōnsternāverāmus cōnsternāverātis cōnsternāverant
future perfect cōnsternāverō cōnsternāveris cōnsternāverit cōnsternāverimus cōnsternāveritis cōnsternāverint
passive present cōnsternor cōnsternāris,
cōnsternāre 		cōnsternātur cōnsternāmur cōnsternāminī cōnsternantur
imperfect cōnsternābar cōnsternābāris,
cōnsternābāre 		cōnsternābātur cōnsternābāmur cōnsternābāminī cōnsternābantur
future cōnsternābor cōnsternāberis,
cōnsternābere 		cōnsternābitur cōnsternābimur cōnsternābiminī cōnsternābuntur
perfect cōnsternātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cōnsternātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cōnsternātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cōnsternem cōnsternēs cōnsternet cōnsternēmus cōnsternētis cōnsternent
imperfect cōnsternārem cōnsternārēs cōnsternāret cōnsternārēmus cōnsternārētis cōnsternārent
perfect cōnsternāverim cōnsternāverīs cōnsternāverit cōnsternāverīmus cōnsternāverītis cōnsternāverint
pluperfect cōnsternāvissem cōnsternāvissēs cōnsternāvisset cōnsternāvissēmus cōnsternāvissētis cōnsternāvissent
passive present cōnsterner cōnsternēris,
cōnsternēre 		cōnsternētur cōnsternēmur cōnsternēminī cōnsternentur
imperfect cōnsternārer cōnsternārēris,
cōnsternārēre 		cōnsternārētur cōnsternārēmur cōnsternārēminī cōnsternārentur
perfect cōnsternātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cōnsternātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cōnsternā — — cōnsternāte —
future — cōnsternātō cōnsternātō — cōnsternātōte cōnsternantō
passive present — cōnsternāre — — cōnsternāminī —
future — cōnsternātor cōnsternātor — — cōnsternantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cōnsternāre cōnsternāvisse cōnsternātūrum esse cōnsternārī cōnsternātum esse cōnsternātum īrī
participles cōnsternāns — cōnsternātūrus — cōnsternātus cōnsternandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
cōnsternandī cōnsternandō cōnsternandum cōnsternandō cōnsternātum cōnsternātū

The perfect stem and perfect passive participle stem may alternatively be cōnstrāv- and cōnstrāt-, the same as for cōnsternere.[2]

Descendants

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sternō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586
  2. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 409

Further reading

  • “consterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “consterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • consterno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the horses are panic-stricken, run away: equi consternantur

Portuguese

Verb

consterno

  1. first-person singular present indicative of consternar

Spanish

Verb

consterno

  1. first-person singular present indicative of consternar
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