coudre

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Champenois

Noun

coudre

  1. (Auve) elbow

References

  • Tarbé, Prosper (1851) Recherches sur l'histoire du langage et des patois de Champagne‎ (in French), volume 1, Reims, page 109

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French coudre, cosdre, from Vulgar Latin *cōsere, from Latin cōnsuere.

The original Old French infinitive was *co(u)sre, where -d- was inserted as a gliding sound. The preconsonantal -s- then became silent, in this case dropping from the spelling relatively early on. The d-spellings in the present tense are merely analogical (for expected je cous, il cout).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kudʁ/
  • audio(file)

Verb

coudre

  1. to sew
  2. to mend

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like rendre, except that its stem is coud- in only part of the conjugation. Before endings that begin with vowels, the stem cous- (with a /-z-/ sound) is used instead; for example, nous cousons, not *nous coudons.

Conjugation of coudre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple coudre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple cousant
/ku.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle cousu
/ku.zy/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present couds
/ku/ 		couds
/ku/ 		coud
/ku/ 		cousons
/ku.zɔ̃/ 		cousez
/ku.ze/ 		cousent
/kuz/
imperfect cousais
/ku.zɛ/ 		cousais
/ku.zɛ/ 		cousait
/ku.zɛ/ 		cousions
/ku.zjɔ̃/ 		cousiez
/ku.zje/ 		cousaient
/ku.zɛ/
past historic2 cousis
/ku.zi/ 		cousis
/ku.zi/ 		cousit
/ku.zi/ 		cousîmes
/ku.zim/ 		cousîtes
/ku.zit/ 		cousirent
/ku.ziʁ/
future coudrai
/ku.dʁe/ 		coudras
/ku.dʁa/ 		coudra
/ku.dʁa/ 		coudrons
/ku.dʁɔ̃/ 		coudrez
/ku.dʁe/ 		coudront
/ku.dʁɔ̃/
conditional coudrais
/ku.dʁɛ/ 		coudrais
/ku.dʁɛ/ 		coudrait
/ku.dʁɛ/ 		coudrions
/ku.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		coudriez
/ku.dʁi.je/ 		coudraient
/ku.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present couse
/kuz/ 		couses
/kuz/ 		couse
/kuz/ 		cousions
/ku.zjɔ̃/ 		cousiez
/ku.zje/ 		cousent
/kuz/
imperfect2 cousisse
/ku.zis/ 		cousisses
/ku.zis/ 		cousît
/ku.zi/ 		cousissions
/ku.zi.sjɔ̃/ 		cousissiez
/ku.zi.sje/ 		cousissent
/ku.zis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — couds
/ku/ 		— cousons
/ku.zɔ̃/ 		cousez
/ku.ze/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Esperanto: kudri

Further reading

Anagrams

Old French

Verb

coudre

  1. Alternative form of cosdre

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a distinct stressed present stem, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of coudre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive coudre avoir cousu
gerund en cousant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle cousant
past participle cousu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present keus keus keust cousons cousez keusent
imperfect cousoie, couseie cousoies, couseies cousoit, couseit cousiiens, cousiens cousiiez, cousiez cousoient, couseient
preterite cousi cousis cousié cousimes cousistes cousierent
future coudrai coudras coudra coudrons coudroiz, coudreiz, coudrez coudront
conditional coudroie, coudreie coudroies, coudreies coudroit, coudreit coudriiens, coudriens coudriiez, coudriez coudroient, coudreient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present keuse keuses keuse cousons cousez keusent
imperfect cousisse cousisses cousist cousissons, cousissiens cousissoiz, cousissez, cousissiez cousissent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— keus — cousons cousez —

References

  • “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 151
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