croire

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French creire, croire, from Latin crēdere, from Proto-Italic *krezðō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱred dʰeh₁- (“to place one's heart, i.e. to trust, believe”), compound phrase of oblique case form of *ḱḗr (“heart”) and *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”).

See cognates in regional languages in France : Norman creire, Gallo craire, Picard croère, Bourguignon croire, Franco-Provençal crêre, Occitan creire or créser, Corsican credè.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʁwaʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

croire

  1. (transitive) to believe (someone)
    Il jure qu’il dit la vérité. Je ne le crois pas.
    He swears that he's telling the truth. I do not believe him.
    Je crois que c’est vrai.
    I believe that it is true.
  2. to believe, to accept as true
    croire à quelque chose ― to believe in something
    Les français croient à l’amour.
    The French believe in love.
    Croyez-vous à l’existence de Dieu?
    Do you believe in the existence of God?
    Nous croyons à la venue du messie.
    We believe in the coming of the Messiah.
  3. to believe, to have faith
    croire en quelqu’un, en quelque chose ― to have faith in someone, in something
    Oui, je crois en Dieu.
    Yes, I believe in God.
    Je crois en toi.
    I have faith in you.
    Il ne croit qu’en soi.
    He only believes in himself.
    • 2013, Zaz, Je rentre:
      Je fais la promesse de ne plus croire en ce qui me ment / Ne plus me nier dans ma souffrance
      I promise to stop believing in things that deceive me / To no longer deny myself in my suffering
  4. (reflexive, often followed by an adjective) to think of oneself as, to consider oneself
    Il se croit parfait.
    He thinks he's perfect.

Conjugation

Conjugation of croire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple croire
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple croyant
/kʁwa.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle cru
/kʁy/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present crois
/kʁwa/ 		crois
/kʁwa/ 		croit
/kʁwa/ 		croyons
/kʁwa.jɔ̃/ 		croyez
/kʁwa.je/ 		croient
/kʁwa/
imperfect croyais
/kʁwa.jɛ/ 		croyais
/kʁwa.jɛ/ 		croyait
/kʁwa.jɛ/ 		croyions
/kʁwaj.jɔ̃/ 		croyiez
/kʁwaj.je/ 		croyaient
/kʁwa.jɛ/
past historic2 crus
/kʁy/ 		crus
/kʁy/ 		crut
/kʁy/ 		crûmes
/kʁym/ 		crûtes
/kʁyt/ 		crurent
/kʁyʁ/
future croirai
/kʁwa.ʁe/ 		croiras
/kʁwa.ʁa/ 		croira
/kʁwa.ʁa/ 		croirons
/kʁwa.ʁɔ̃/ 		croirez
/kʁwa.ʁe/ 		croiront
/kʁwa.ʁɔ̃/
conditional croirais
/kʁwa.ʁɛ/ 		croirais
/kʁwa.ʁɛ/ 		croirait
/kʁwa.ʁɛ/ 		croirions
/kʁwa.ʁjɔ̃/ 		croiriez
/kʁwa.ʁje/ 		croiraient
/kʁwa.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present croie
/kʁwa/ 		croies
/kʁwa/ 		croie
/kʁwa/ 		croyions
/kʁwaj.jɔ̃/ 		croyiez
/kʁwaj.je/ 		croient
/kʁwa/
imperfect2 crusse
/kʁys/ 		crusses
/kʁys/ 		crût
/kʁy/ 		crussions
/kʁy.sjɔ̃/ 		crussiez
/kʁy.sje/ 		crussent
/kʁys/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — crois
/kʁwa/ 		— croyons
/kʁwa.jɔ̃/ 		croyez
/kʁwa.je/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Saint Dominican Creole French: crére
    • Haitian Creole: kwè

Further reading

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin crēdere.

Pronunciation

  • (archaic) IPA(key): /ˈkɾei̯ðɾə/
  • (classical) IPA(key): /ˈkɾoi̯ɾə/, (northern) /ˈkɾei̯ɾə/

Verb

croire

  1. to believe
  2. (reflexive, se croire) to think oneself (to be)
    Se croire le rei - to think oneself to be the king

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem croi distinct from the unstressed stem cre, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of croire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive croire avoir creü
gerund en creant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle creant
past participle creü
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present croi croiz croit creons creez croient
imperfect creoie, creeie creoies, creeies creoit, creeit creïiens, creïens creïiez, creïez creoient, creeient
preterite crui, creï creüs, creïs crut, creï creümes, creïmes creüstes, creïstes crurent, creïrent
future crerai creras crera crerons creroiz, crereiz, crerez creront
conditional creroie, crereie creroies, crereies creroit, crereit creriiens, creriens creriiez, creriez creroient, crereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present croie croies croie creons creez croient
imperfect creüsse, creïsse creüsses, creïsses creüst, creïst creüssons, creüssiens, creïssons, creïssiens creüssoiz, creüssez, creüssiez, creïssoiz, creïssez, creïssiez creüssent, creïssent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— croi — creons creez —

Descendants

References

  • “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 152

Romanian

Etymology

From croi +‎ -re.

Noun

croire f (plural croiri)

  1. tailoring

Declension

singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative croire croirea croiri croirile
genitive-dative croiri croirii croiri croirilor
vocative croire, croireo croirilor

References

  • croire in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
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