cruaidh

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Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

cruaidh f (genitive singular cruadhach)

  1. Alternative form of cruach (“steel”)
Declension
Declension of cruaidh (fifth declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative cruaidh
vocative a chruaidh
genitive cruadhach
dative cruaidh
cruadhaigh (archaic, dialectal)
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an chruaidh
genitive na cruadhach
dative leis an gcruaidh
leis an gcruadhaigh (archaic, dialectal)
don chruaidh
don chruadhaigh (archaic, dialectal)

Etymology 2

Noun

cruaidh f

  1. Munster, Ulster, and superseded form of crua (“hard”)

Adjective

cruaidh (genitive singular feminine cruaidhe, plural cruaidhe, comparative cruaidhe)

  1. Munster, Ulster, and superseded form of crua (“hard”)
Declension
Declension of cruaidh
singular plural (m/f)
Positive masculine feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
nominative cruaidh chruaidh cruaidhe;
chruaidhe2
vocative chruaidh cruaidhe
genitive cruaidhe cruaidhe cruaidh
dative cruaidh;
chruaidh1 		chruaidh cruaidhe;
chruaidhe2
Comparative níos cruaidhe
Superlative is cruaidhe

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Mutation

Mutated forms of cruaidh
radical lenition eclipsis
cruaidh chruaidh gcruaidh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 45, page 24
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 152, page 59

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish crúaid (“hard”), from Proto-Celtic *kroudis, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.

Pronunciation

Adjective

cruaidh

  1. hard
  2. callous
  3. harsh

Derived terms

Noun

cruaidh f (genitive singular cruadhach or cruaidhe, plural cruadhaichean)

  1. anchor
  2. steel

Mutation

Mutation of cruaidh
radical lenition
cruaidh chruaidh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruaidh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crúaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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