crudelis

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Latin

Etymology

From crūdus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

crūdēlis (neuter crūdēle, comparative crūdēlior, superlative crūdēlissimus, adverb crūdēlē or crūdēliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

  1. unfeeling, rude
  2. ruthless, cruel, merciless
    Synonyms: trux, ferōx, violēns, atrōx, immānis, efferus, ferus, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer
    Antonyms: mītis, misericors, tranquillus, placidus, quietus, clemens
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.680-681:
      “Hīs etiam strūxī manibus, patriōsque vocāvī
      vōce deōs, sīc tē ut positā crūdēlis abessem?”
      “Have I even built with these hands, and with my voice invoked the ancestral gods, only that when you had laid down in this way , I – cruel! – would be separated ?”
      (Regarding the ambiguity of “crudelis” in this context, see: Austin, R.G., , Aeneidos Liber Quartus, pg. 195 – “Crudelis: this may be either nominative or vocative. Com­mentators have been divided from early times on the point; and as one thinks now of Anna, now of Dido, each without the other’s comfort and confidence at such a moment, how can any sure decision be made, and why should it be made?”)

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative crūdēlis crūdēle crūdēlēs crūdēlia
Genitive crūdēlis crūdēlium
Dative crūdēlī crūdēlibus
Accusative crūdēlem crūdēle crūdēlēs
crūdēlīs 		crūdēlia
Ablative crūdēlī crūdēlibus
Vocative crūdēlis crūdēle crūdēlēs crūdēlia

Related terms

Descendants

References

  • “crudelis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “crudelis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • crudelis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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