crug

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English

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

crug (uncountable)

  1. (slang, obsolete) Bread.
    • 1820-23, Charles Lamb, Essays of Elia
      He had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, while we were battening upon our quarter-of-a-penny loaf — our crug — moistened with attenuated small beer, in wooden piggings, smacking of the pitched leathern jack it was poured from.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian круг (krug). Doublet of crâng.

Pronunciation

Noun

crug n (plural cruguri)

  1. (dated) orbit

Declension

Declension of crug
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) crug crugul (niște) cruguri crugurile
genitive/dative (unui) crug crugului (unor) cruguri crugurilor
vocative crugule crugurilor

Further reading

Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh cruc, from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”). Cognate with Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”).

Pronunciation

Noun

crug m (plural crugiau)

  1. hillock, knoll
    Synonyms: bryncyn, twmpath
  2. tumulus, barrow
    Synonyms: carnedd, tomen
  3. heap
    Synonyms: pentwr, twr
  4. multitude
    Synonym: lliaws
  5. abscess, boil, blister
    Synonyms: cornwyd, ploryn, pothell

Derived terms

  • crugen (“diminutive form”)
  • crugyn (“diminutive form”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
crug grug nghrug chrug
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krowko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226-27
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 616, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 616

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “crug”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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