cruth

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English

Noun

cruth (plural cruths)

  1. Alternative spelling of crwth

References

Anagrams

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”),[3] from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)

  1. shape, appearance
  2. state, condition
  3. manner, mode
Declension
Declension of cruth (third declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative cruth cruthanna
vocative a chruth a chruthanna
genitive crutha cruthanna
dative cruth cruthanna
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an cruth na cruthanna
genitive an chrutha na gcruthanna
dative leis an gcruth
don chruth 		leis na cruthanna
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)

  1. Ulster form of crú (“horseshoe”)
Declension
Declension of cruth (first declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative cruth cruitheacha
vocative a chruith a chruitheacha
genitive cruith cruitheacha
dative cruth cruitheacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an cruth na cruitheacha
genitive an chruith na gcruitheacha
dative leis an gcruth
don chruth 		leis na cruitheacha

Mutation

Mutated forms of cruth
radical lenition eclipsis
cruth chruth gcruth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 81
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 77
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cruth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Pronunciation

Noun

cruth m (genitive crotha)

  1. form, shape
    • c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 8
      Sainemlu cech dóen a chruth,
      More excellent his form than that of any human being,
  2. manner, way (used adverbially)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3d27
      is in chuth sin bimmi nóib-ni
      i.e. it is in that way we shall be holy.

Declension

Masculine u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative cruth, crud cruthL, crud crothaeH
Vocative cruth, crud cruthL, crud crothu
Accusative cruthN, crud cruthL, crud crothu
Genitive crothoH, crothaH crothoL, crothaL crothaeN
Dative cruthL, crud crothaib crothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: cruth
  • Manx: croo
  • Scottish Gaelic: cruth

Mutation

Mutation of cruth
radical lenition nasalization
cruth chruth cruth
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Pronunciation

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)

  1. shape, form
    Synonym: cumadh

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of cruth
radical lenition
cruth chruth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruth”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cruth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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