csak

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Hungarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Of unknown origin.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒk

Adverb

csak

  1. only, exclusively (excluding everything else)
    Synonyms: csupán, csakis, kizárólag, egyedül
    Csak a sajtos pizzát szeretem. ― I only like cheese pizza.
  2. just, only, merely, solely (when something is not as great or as much or as serious as could be expected)
    Synonyms: csupán, pusztán, mindössze
    Ez csak játék. ― This is just a game.
  3. for a reason that the speaker does not want to specify
    Synonym: csak úgy
    Ezt miért csináltad? - Csak! ― Why did you do that? - Just because! (No reason!)
  4. it's just that, but (explaining a reason that restricts or prevents the effectiveness of the event specified previously)
    Hívtalak telefonon! – Hallottam, csak épp zuhanyoztam. ― I called you on the phone! – I heard, but I was in the shower.
    Nyerhetett volna a csapat, csak nem volt elég jó az edzőjük. ― The team could have won, it's just that their coach wasn't good enough.
    Ő is ott volt, csak a másik szobában. ― He was also there, but in the other room.
  5. (the emphasis being on the subsequent verb) if only, I wish (in wishes); indicates less hope if used with conditional mood, more certainty if used with subjunctive)
    Synonym: bárcsak
    Csak élné/élje túl a balesetet! ― If only he survived the accident!
  6. (with emphasis) supposedly, must, after all (describing supposition, based on how things normally turn out)
    Synonyms: biztos, biztosan
    Előbb-utóbb csak hazajön! ― Sooner or later, he/she/it must get back home, after all!
  7. (with emphasis) nevertheless, nonetheless, all the same (expressing resistance or defiance)
    Synonyms: mégis, (with positive statements) mégiscsak, mégsem, (with negative statements) mégse
    Hiába mondtam neki, ő csak nem akarta megérteni. ― I kept explaining it to him/her in vain; s/he just refused to understand it.
    Mondtuk neki, hogy nyugodtan maradhat, de ő csak hazament a többiekkel. ― We told him/her s/he was welcome to stay some more while but s/he did go home with the others, nevertheless.
  8. used in imperative sentences to indicate something quick or immediate
    Nézd csak! ― Hey, look!
    Várj csak! ― Wait a minute! / Hold on for a second!
    Figyelj csak! ― Listen up!
  9. don't bother, do as you wish (in imperative sentences)
    Synonym: felőlem
    Menj csak! ― Go, don't bother.
    Hagyd csak! ― Just let him!
    Dohányozz csak! Magadnak ártasz vele, nem nekem! ― Smoke if you wish! You're hurting yourself, not me.
  10. as late as, no sooner (than…), not until (that…)
    Elromlott az ébresztőórám, és csak 10-kor ébredtem fel. ― My alarm clock broke down and I didn't wake up until 10 a.m..
    A tudomány csak a 16–17. században kezdett megválni a négy fő testnedv elméletétől. ― It wasn't until the 16th and 17th century that science started to discard the theory of the four principal bodily humors.
  11. (after relative pronouns like aki, ami, ahol etc.) -ever, no matter (whoever, whatever, wherever etc. or no matter who/what/where etc.)
    Synonyms: bár-, akár-
    Amit csak kérsz, megadom neked. ― I'll give you whatever you want.
    Ahol csak járt, mindenütt barátokat szerzett. ― He made friends wherever he went.
    Akkor jössz, amikor csak akarsz. ― You can come whenever you like.

Derived terms

Compound words
Expressions

Descendants

  • → Romanian: numai (semantic loan)

References

  1. ^ csak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • csak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • csak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

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