cumal

Fula

cumal

From Proto-Celtic *kamulā,^[1] perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to exert oneself, get tired”), and cognate with Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”), Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to toil, get tired”).^[2]

cumal f (genitive cumaile, nominative plural cumala)

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	cumal^L	cumail^L	cumala^H
Vocative	cumal^L	cumail^L	cumala^H
Accusative	cumail^N	cumail^L	cumala^H
Genitive	cumaile^H	cumal^L	cumal^N
Dative	cumail^L	cumalaib	cumalaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Mutation of *cumal*
radical	lenition	nasalization
cumal	chumal	cumal pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “camulos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 101
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάμνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 632