cupio

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See also: 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌉𐌏

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kupiō, from a Proto-Indo-European root akin to *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”); see also Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”), Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”), Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “become agitated, bubbles up”), English hope.

Pronunciation

Verb

cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. to desire, long for
    Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, aveō, quaerō, studeō, concupiō, indigeō, petō, sitiō, expetō, circumspiciō, spectō, voveō, appetō
    Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō
  2. to please, favor, be well disposed towards (someone, something)
    • Cupio omnia quaevis.
      Your wishes are mine.
      (literally, “I favor whatever you want.”)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of cupiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupiō cupis cupit cupimus cupitis cupiunt
imperfect cupiēbam cupiēbās cupiēbat cupiēbāmus cupiēbātis cupiēbant
future cupiam cupiēs cupiet cupiēmus cupiētis cupient
perfect cupīvī,
cupiī 		cupīvistī,
cupīstī,
cupiistī1 		cupīvit,
cupīt,
cupiit1 		cupīvimus,
cupīmus,
cupiimus1 		cupīvistis,
cupīstis,
cupiistis1 		cupīvērunt,
cupīrunt,
cupīvēre,
cupiērunt,
cupiēre1
pluperfect cupīveram,
cupīram,
cupieram1 		cupīverās,
cupīrās,
cupierās1 		cupīverat,
cupīrat,
cupierat1 		cupīverāmus,
cupīrāmus,
cupierāmus1 		cupīverātis,
cupīrātis,
cupierātis1 		cupīverant,
cupīrant,
cupierant1
future perfect cupīverō,
cupīrō,
cupierō1 		cupīveris,
cupīris,
cupieris1 		cupīverit,
cupīrit,
cupierit1 		cupīverimus,
cupīrimus,
cupierimus1 		cupīveritis,
cupīritis,
cupieritis1 		cupīverint,
cupīrint,
cupierint1
passive present cupior cuperis,
cupere 		cupitur cupimur cupiminī cupiuntur
imperfect cupiēbar cupiēbāris,
cupiēbāre 		cupiēbātur cupiēbāmur cupiēbāminī cupiēbantur
future cupiar cupiēris,
cupiēre 		cupiētur cupiēmur cupiēminī cupientur
perfect cupītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cupītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cupītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupiam cupiās cupiat cupiāmus cupiātis cupiant
imperfect cuperem cuperēs cuperet cuperēmus cuperētis cuperent
perfect cupīverim,
cupīrim,
cupierim1 		cupīverīs,
cupīrīs,
cupierīs1 		cupīverit,
cupīrit,
cupierit1 		cupīverīmus,
cupīrīmus,
cupierīmus1 		cupīverītis,
cupīrītis,
cupierītis1 		cupīverint,
cupīrint,
cupierint1
pluperfect cupīvissem,
cupīssem,
cupiissem1 		cupīvissēs,
cupīssēs,
cupiissēs1 		cupīvisset,
cupīsset,
cupiisset1 		cupīvissēmus,
cupīssēmus,
cupiissēmus1 		cupīvissētis,
cupīssētis,
cupiissētis1 		cupīvissent,
cupīssent,
cupiissent1
passive present cupiar cupiāris,
cupiāre 		cupiātur cupiāmur cupiāminī cupiantur
imperfect cuperer cuperēris,
cuperēre 		cuperētur cuperēmur cuperēminī cuperentur
perfect cupītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cupītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cupe — — cupite —
future — cupitō cupitō — cupitōte cupiuntō
passive present — cupere — — cupiminī —
future — cupitor cupitor — — cupiuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present cupere cupī cupiēns —
future cupītūrum esse cupītum īrī cupītūrus cupiendus,
cupiundus
perfect cupīvisse,
cupīsse,
cupiisse1 		cupītum esse — cupītus
future perfect — cupītum fore — —
perfect potential cupītūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
cupiendī cupiendō cupiendum cupiendō cupītum cupītū

1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Descendants

  • Sardinian: cubere
  • Walloon: keûre
  • → Italian: cupere
  • →⇒ English: cupiosexual

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupīre:

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupiscere:

References

Further reading

  • “cupio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • cupio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be favourably disposed towards: alicuius causa velle or cupere
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