cynhyrfu

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Welsh

Etymology

From cynnwrf (“excitement”) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

Verb

cynhyrfu (first-person singular present cynhyrfaf)

  1. (intransitive) to become excited or agitated, to grow uneasy, to become restless
  2. (transitive) to rouse, to agitate, to excite, to provoke, to incite

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cynhyrfaf cynhyrfi cynhyrfa cynhyrfwn cynhyrfwch cynhyrfant cynhyrfir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		cynhyrfwn cynhyrfit cynhyrfai cynhyrfem cynhyrfech cynhyrfent cynhyrfid
preterite cynhyrfais cynhyrfaist cynhyrfodd cynnyrfasom cynnyrfasoch cynnyrfasant cynhyrfwyd
pluperfect cynnyrfaswn cynnyrfasit cynnyrfasai cynnyrfasem cynnyrfasech cynnyrfasent cynnyrfasid, cynnyrfesid
present subjunctive cynhyrfwyf cynhyrfych cynhyrfo cynhyrfom cynhyrfoch cynhyrfont cynhyrfer
imperative — cynhyrfa cynhyrfed cynhyrfwn cynhyrfwch cynhyrfent cynhyrfer
verbal noun cynhyrfu
verbal adjectives cynnyrfedig
cynnyrfadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future cynhyrfa i, cynhyrfaf i cynhyrfi di cynhyrfith o/e/hi, cynhyrfiff e/hi cynhyrfwn ni cynhyrfwch chi cynhyrfan nhw
conditional cynhyrfwn i, cynhyrfswn i cynhyrfet ti, cynhyrfset ti cynhyrfai fo/fe/hi, cynhyrfsai fo/fe/hi cynhyrfen ni, cynhyrfsen ni cynhyrfech chi, cynhyrfsech chi cynhyrfen nhw, cynhyrfsen nhw
preterite cynhyrfais i, cynhyrfes i cynhyrfaist ti, cynhyrfest ti cynhyrfodd o/e/hi cynhyrfon ni cynhyrfoch chi cynhyrfon nhw
imperative — cynhyrfa — — cynhyrfwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynhyrfu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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