czy

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Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /t͡ʃʲɨ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /t͡ʃʲɨ/

Particle

czy

  1. introduces a clarifying question

Descendants

  • Masurian: cÿ
  • Polish: czy
  • Silesian: czy, czi

References

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish czy.

Pronunciation

Particle

czy

  1. interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question; whether (often omitted)
    Synonyms: (archaic) azali, (archaic) azaliż, czyż
    Czy ten pan jest z Anglii? Tak, ten pan jest z Anglii.Is that man from England? Yes, that man is from England.

Descendants

  • Esperanto: ĉu

Conjunction

czy

  1. if, whether
    Próbował się zdecydować, czy pójdzie.He was trying to make up his mind if he'd go or not.
  2. or (in questions)
    To w końcu poszedłeś czy nie?Did you end up going or not?
  3. or (suggesting that the speaker is not sure)
    Synonyms: abo, albo, bądź, lub
    Karol ma jakiegoś jamnika czy labradora?Does Karol have some dachshund or a Labrador?
  4. and
    Jamnik, berneńczyk czy labrador to jedne z najbardziej znanych ras psów.The dachshund, Bernese, as well as the Labrador are some of the most famous dog breeds.

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), czy is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 157 times in scientific texts, 39 times in news, 249 times in essays, 220 times in fiction, and 454 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1119 times, making it the 37th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “czy”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 65

Further reading

  • czy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • czy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “czy”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • CZY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.05.2010
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “czy”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “czy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “czy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 410

Silesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish czy.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʂɨ/
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification: czy

Conjunction

czy

  1. (interrogative) if, whether
    Synonym: jeźli
  2. (correlative) or
    Synonym: abo
    Antonym: ani

Further reading

  • czy in silling.org