cál

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "cal"

Irish

cál

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /kɑːl̪ˠ/
(Connacht) IPA^(key): /kɑːlˠ/, /kɑːl̪ˠ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /kaːlˠ/, /kaːl̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle English cole, from Old English cāwel, from Latin caulis (“cabbage”).

Noun

cál m (genitive singular cáil, nominative plural cáil)

kale, cabbage
Synonym: cabáiste

Declension

Declension of cál (first declension)

bare forms
case	singular	plural
nominative	cál	cáil
vocative	a cháil	a chála
genitive	cáil	cál
dative	cál	cáil

forms with the definite article
case	singular	plural
nominative	an cál	na cáil
genitive	an cháil	na gcál
dative	leis an gcál don chál	leis na cáil

Derived terms

cál bán (“white(-hearted) cabbage”)
cál catach (“curly kale, savoy”)
cál ceannann (“colcannon”)
cál dearg (“Scotch kale”)
cál faiche (“nettles”)
cál glas (“green(-hearted) cabbage”)
cál Phádraig (“plantain”)
cál rábach (“kohlrabi, rape”)
garraí cáil (“cabbage garden”)
péist cháil (“caterpillar (of white cabbage butterfly)”)

Etymology 2

Noun

cál m (genitive singular cál)

Alternative spelling of call (“call, need; claim, right”)

Declension

Declension of cál (fourth declension, no plural)

bare forms
case	singular
nominative	cál
vocative	a chál
genitive	cál
dative	cál

forms with the definite article
case	singular
nominative	an cál
genitive	an chál
dative	leis an gcál don chál

Mutation

Mutated forms of *cál*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
cál	chál	gcál

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cál”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cál”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 110
de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cál”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
“cál”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

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