dér

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See also: der, dêr, dër, děr, -der, and der-

Danish

Adverb

dér

  1. der, with emphasis

Hungarian

Etymology

Of unknown origin.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -eːr

Noun

dér (usually uncountable, plural derek)

  1. frost

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative dér derek
accusative deret dereket
dative dérnek dereknek
instrumental dérrel derekkel
causal-final dérért derekért
translative dérré derekké
terminative dérig derekig
essive-formal dérként derekként
essive-modal — —
inessive dérben derekben
superessive déren dereken
adessive dérnél dereknél
illative dérbe derekbe
sublative dérre derekre
allative dérhez derekhez
elative dérből derekből
delative dérről derekről
ablative dértől derektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		déré dereké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		déréi derekéi
Possessive forms of dér
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. derem dereim
2nd person sing. dered dereid
3rd person sing. dere derei
1st person plural derünk dereink
2nd person plural deretek dereitek
3rd person plural derük dereik

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ^ dér in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • dér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • dér in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • dǽr (Milan glosses)

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *dakrom, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru. Celtic cognates include Welsh deigryn and Cornish dager. More distant Indo-European relatives include Old Norse tár, Old Armenian արտասուք (artasukʻ), Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru), and Latin lacrima.

Noun

dér n (nominative plural dér)

  1. tear, teardrop (from the eyes)
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23a13
      .i. robtar lugu na dǽr quam ad·fiadatar.
      i.e. the tears were fewer than are related.
    • c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 66, pages 115-179:
      Níco[n]·tald-som iarum dér dia gruad statim co·tánic dochum Findio.
      Immediately thereafter, he did not wipe the tear from his cheek until he came to Findio.

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative dérN dérN dérL, déra
Vocative dérN dérN dérL, déra
Accusative dérN dérN dérL, déra
Genitive déirL dér dérN
Dative dérL déraib déraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: dér f

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
dér dér
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ 		ndér
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dakro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 87

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia