díabul

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Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *dwēblos (“double”), a full-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”). Compare Gothic 𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍆𐌻 (tweifl, “doubt”) and Latin duplus.^[1]

Adjective

díabul

double
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 97^d10
  Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doib di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.
  It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 8^a6
  a buith ar chonsain diabuil
  its being for a double consonant

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	díabul	díabul	díabul
Vocative	díabuil* díabul**	díabul
Accusative	díabul	díabuil
Genitive	díabuil	díabuile	díabuil
Dative	díabul	díabuil	díabul
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	díabuil	díabla
Vocative	díablu díabla†
Accusative	díablu díabla†
Genitive	díabul
Dative	díablaib
Notes	modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative *modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Descendants

Middle Irish: díabul

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 díabul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

From Latin diabolus (“devil”), from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “slanderer”).

Noun

díabul m (genitive díabuil)

the devil
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22^d11
  Gaibid armma Dǽ foirib do chathugud fri díabol!
  Take up the arms of God upon you to fight against the Devil!
- c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 21, pages 115-179:
  Tunc dixit Mocholmocc: "Ba ro-fattai ind re-sin do scarad fri diabul ⁊ do neph-tuidechd co Dia, ar is and do·tháod-som im muindterus nDé intan asind·geldai."
  Then Mocholmocc said: "That is too long of a time to part from the Devil but not come to God, for it is when he makes such a vow that a man comes into membership of God’s family.
- c. 850, Carlsruhe Glosses on St Augustine’s Soliloquia, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 1–9, Acr. 1^a4
  In mess du·choaid for díabul is hǽ rigas forru.
  The judgment that has gone upon the Devil is that which will go upon them.

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	díabul	díabul^L	díabuil^L
Vocative	díabuil	díabul^L	díablu^H
Accusative	díabul^N	díabul^L	díablu^H
Genitive	díabuil^L	díabul	díabul^N
Dative	díabul^L	díablaib	díablaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Middle Irish: díabul
- Irish: diabhal
- Scottish Gaelic: diabhal
- Manx: jouyl

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 díabul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Mutation

Mutation of *díabul*
radical	lenition	nasalization
díabul	díabul pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndíabul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dwēblo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

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