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This word has the same origin as zārds(“rickstand”) (q.v.), from which it originated by metathesis. The different intonation (dārzs has a falling , while
zārds has a level ) is probably explained by the change in meaning, and may have preceded the metathesis; cf. the intonation change in Lithuanianžárdas(“forked branch, rickstand”), žárdis(“pole”), but žar̃dis(“horse, cattle corral; (arch.) garden”). The meaning change would then have been: “wooden structure” > “fence” > “fenced area” (cf. below zirgudārzs “horse corral”, and metaphorically also mēnessdārzs “moon ring”) > “garden.” Cognates include Lithuaniandar̃žas.[1]
dārza zemenes ― garden strawberries (i.e., not wild)
uzrakt dārzu ― to dig up a garden
ravēt dārzu ― to weed a garden
dārzā rindās kā sargi stāvēja ķirši ar tikko kā sarkt sākušiem ogu čemuriem ― in lines in the garden, like guards, stood the cherry (trees) which had just started to produce red berry clusters
Žanis Vītols vēl atceras, cik ļoti dēlam patika liepu dārzs, kas bija tepat pie dravas ― Žanis Vītols still remembers how much (his) son liked the linden garden that was right here by the apiary
pilsētas dārzi un parki ― a city's gardens and parks
dārza kafejnīca ― garden cafe
ainavu dārzs ― landscape garden
dārzu arhitektūra ― garden architecture (i.e., the design of gardens and parks)
Rīgas centrā ir tik daudz parku, kuru dēļ to dēvē par dārzu pilsētu ― in the center of Riga there are so many parks that because of them they call it (= Riga) the garden city
kad taisās lietus, tad ap mēnesi var redzēt gaišu riņķi: mēness dārzu ― when it is going to rain, then one can see around the moon a bright ring: the moon's enclosure