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decline. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
decline, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
decline in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Etymology
From Middle English declinen, and ultimately Latin declīnō (“to bend, turn aside, deflect, inflect, decline”, from de (“down”) + clīnō (“I bend, I incline”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (English lean). The senses arrived from two separate pathways in Middle English:
- The grammatical sense came from Old English declīnian, which was borrowed directly from the Latin etymon.
- All senses except the grammatical sense were derived from those of Old French decliner. Old French itself borrowed the verb from Latin.
Pronunciation
- enPR: dĭ-klīnʹ, IPA(key): /dɪˈklaɪn/
- Hyphenation: de‧cline
- Rhymes: -aɪn
Noun
decline (countable and uncountable, plural declines)
- Downward movement, fall.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
- A sloping downward, e.g. of a hill or road.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
- A deterioration of condition; a weakening or worsening.
He has experienced a sudden decline in his health.
Educational standards are on the decline.
The country's global reputation is in decline.
2012 January, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 4 April 2012, page 87:In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
- A reduction or diminution of activity, prevalence or quantity.
Population decline is a major concern.
Town-centre retailers have seen a decline in footfall.
1992, Rudolf M Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page ix:It is also pertinent to note that the current obvious decline in work on holarctic hepatics most surely reflects a current obsession with cataloging and with nomenclature of the organisms—as divorced from their study as living entities.
2022 March 23, Paul Clifton, “Londoners pay the price”, in RAIL, number 953, page 48:"It knows it has to plan for managed decline, but it can't even plan for managed decline if it doesn't know how much decline to manage."
- The act of declining or refusing something.
2004, David A. Montague, Fraud Prevention Techniques for Credit Card Fraud:The issuing bank only checks the consumer's credit card number for authorization. […] Soft declines are those declines in which the bank requires further verification.
Antonyms
Derived terms
Translations
deterioration of condition; weakening or worsening
- Azerbaijani: tənəzzül, geriləmə, enmə
- Bulgarian: влошаване (bg) n (vlošavane)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 衰退 (zh) (shuāituì)
- Dutch: verzwakking (nl) f, achteruitgang (nl) m, verval (nl) n, afname (nl) f
- Finnish: lasku (fi), heikentyminen, alamäki (fi)
- French: déclin (fr) m
- Galician: devalo m
- German: Abnahme (de) f, Rückgang (de) m, Schwächung (de) f
- Hebrew: היחלשות f (hekhalshút)
- Hungarian: hanyatlás (hu)
- Indonesian: kemunduran (id)
- Italian: declino (it)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: svekkelse m, tilbakegang (no) m
- Ottoman Turkish: خراب (harab)
- Portuguese: declínio (pt) m
- Russian: упа́док (ru) m (upádok)
- Spanish: declive (es), retroceso (es), decadencia (es) f
- Ukrainian: зане́пад m (zanépad)
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reduction or diminution of activity, prevalence or quantity
act of declining or refusing something
Translations to be checked
Verb
decline (third-person singular simple present declines, present participle declining, simple past and past participle declined)
- (intransitive) To move downwards, to fall, to drop.
The dollar has declined rapidly since 2001.
- (intransitive) To become weaker or worse.
My health declined in winter.
- (transitive) To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall.
- (transitive) To cause to decrease or diminish.
1612–1613, Nathan Field, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Honest Mans Fortune”, in Comedies and Tragedies , London: Humphrey Robinson, , and for Humphrey Moseley , published 1647, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii:You have declin'd his means.
1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: , 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:He knoweth his error, but will not seek to decline it.
- To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw.
- a line that declines from straightness
- conduct that declines from sound morals
- (transitive) To choose not to do something; refuse, forbear, refrain.
1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:“ […] This is Mr. Churchill, who, as you are aware, is good enough to come to us for his diaconate, and, as we hope, for much longer; and being a gentleman of independent means, he declines to take any payment.” Saying this Walden rubbed his hands together and smiled contentedly.
On reflection I think I will decline your generous offer.
- (transitive, grammar, usually of substantives, adjectives and pronouns) To inflect for case, number, gender, and the like.
- (transitive, grammar) To recite all the different declined forms of (a word).
1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster, 1st edition:after the first declining of a noun and a verb
- (by extension) To run through from first to last; to recite in order as though declining a noun.
c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :Decline all this, and see what now thou art. For happy wife, a most distressed widow;
For joyful mother, one that wails the name;
For one being sued to, one that humbly sues;
For queen , a very caitiff crown'd with care […]
- (American football, Canadian football) To reject a penalty against the opposing team, usually because the result of accepting it would benefit the non-penalized team less than the preceding play.
- The team chose to decline the fifteen-yard penalty because their receiver had caught the ball for a thirty-yard gain.
Usage notes
- Decline, refuse, forbear, refrain: Decline is gentler than refuse and carries a connotation that the non-acceptance is an acceptable or anticipated option (decline an invitation) or the result of a considered decision (the judge declined to grant the motion). Refuse has a stronger connotation of rejection, firmness, resistance, or non-compliance. For example, if someone declines to give their name, that suggests they were given a choice and elected not to give their name. If someone refuses to give their name, the connotation is more toward a suggestion that they normally should have given their name and are being intransigent. Forbear or refrain, conversely, suggest choosing not to do something that one might indulge in or be tempted to do (refrain from smoking), with forbear having an added connotation of showing some fortitude in withstanding the temptation (forbear to show anger). Refrain can also be used to refer to a general policy or preference rather than a choice on a single occasion.
- The noun form of most meanings of decline is decline: the decline of the empire. The noun for decline in the grammatical senses is declension. The noun declination has to do with astronomical coordinates, and is rare or archaic as the noun form of the verb decline.
Conjugation
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
become weaker or worse
- Azerbaijani:geriləmək (az), tənəzzül etmək, zəifləmək (az)
- Bulgarian: западам (bg) (zapadam), влошавам се (vlošavam se)
- Catalan: debilitar-se
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 惡化/恶化 (zh) (èhuà)
- Czech: klesat (cs)
- Dutch: afnemen (nl), achteruitgaan (nl), afzwakken (nl), verzwakken (nl)
- Finnish: heikentyä (fi), heiketä (fi)
- French: décliner (fr), péricliter (fr)
- German: abnehmen (de), zurückgehen (de)
- Hebrew: נחלש (nekhlásh)
- Hungarian: gyengül (hu), hanyatlik (hu)
- Indonesian: menurun (id)
- Irish: meath, meathlaigh
- Maori: roroku, paheke, tupuheke (of health), māwhe (in health), tāmatemate
- Portuguese: declinar (pt)
- Russian: ослабевать (ru) (oslabevatʹ)
- Sanskrit: भ्रंशते (bhraṃśate)
- Scottish Gaelic: rach bhuaithe
- Swedish: försämra (sv) (transitive)
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refuse
- Arabic: رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
- Bulgarian: отказвам (bg) (otkazvam)
- Catalan: declinar (ca), refusar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 拒绝 (zh) (jùjué)
- Czech: odmítnout (cs)
- Danish: afvise
- Dutch: afwijzen (nl), weigeren (nl)
- Finnish: kieltäytyä (fi)
- French: refuser (fr), décliner (fr)
- German: ablehnen (de)
- Haitian Creole: refize
- Hebrew: דחה (he) (dakháh), סירב (serév)
- Hungarian: elutasít (hu)
- Ido: refuzar (io)
- Indonesian: menolak (id)
- Italian: declinare (it), rifiutare (it)
- Latin: abnegō
- Maori: whakanau, whakahoe, whakapeka
- Norwegian: avslå (no), avvise
- Portuguese: declinar (pt), recusar (pt)
- Russian: отказать (ru) (otkazatʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: о̀дбити
- Roman: òdbiti (sh)
- Spanish: rechazar (es)
- Swedish: avstå (sv), avvisa (sv)
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run through from first to last
Translations to be checked
Further reading
- “decline”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “decline”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “decline”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams
Portuguese
Verb
decline
- inflection of declinar:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Romanian
Verb
decline
- third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of declina
Spanish
Verb
decline
- inflection of declinar:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative