dem
Audio (Southern England): | (file) |
dem
dem
From Proto-Albanian *dama, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂ós (“bull”) (compare Irish damh, Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Latin domō, English tame).
Audio: | (file) |
dem m (plural dema, definite demi, definite plural demat)
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | dem | demi | dema | demat |
accusative | demin | |||
dative | demi | demit | demave | demave |
ablative | demash |
dem
From clipping of English demonstrate.
dem
From clipping of English Democrat.
dem
dem (nominative de, possessive deres)
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal (uncommon) | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common (noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | |||||
indefinite | man | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
dem
Audio: | (file) |
Audio: | (file) |
dem
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | des | der | des | der |
dative | dem | der | dem | den |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
dem (relative)
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren derer |
dessen | deren derer |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
dem (triggers lenition)
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
dem
dem
dem
dem m
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
dative | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
genitive | der |
dem
Compare Persian دم (dam, “breathe, moment”).
dem f
dem
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
dem (definite)
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |||
nominative | der | die | es | die | |
dative | dem, em | der | dem, em | de | |
accusative | der, den | die | es | die |
dem
dem (third-person plural)
In most dialects, de (“they”) and dem (“them”) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition. The article de is often mixed up with dem as well.
Number | Person | nominative | oblique | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
dem
Cognate with Old Turkic (tam-), from Proto-Turkic *tem- (“to drip”).
dem
From Ottoman Turkish دم (dem), from Persian دم (dam).
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish دم, from Arabic دَم (dam).
dem
Audio: | (file) |
dem
present | imperfect | pluperfect | future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | damay dem | dama doon dem | demoon naa | dinaa dem |
2nd person singular | dangay dem | danga doon dem | demoon nga | dinga dem |
3rd person singular | dafay dem | dafa doon dem | demoon na | dina dem |
1st person plural | dañuy dem | dañu doon dem | demoon nañu | dinañu dem |
2nd person plural | dangeen dem | dangeen doon dem | demoon ngeen | dingeen dem |
3rd person plural | deñuy dem | deñu doon dem | demoon nañu | dinañu dem |
imperative | ||||
singular | demal! | |||
plural | demleen! |
Omar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 100
Related to Northern Kurdish dem.
dem
dem (Sawndip form 𣷹, 1957–1982 spelling dem)