deren

Basque

Noun

deren

1. genitive indefinite of de

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːrə(n)/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de‧ren
• Rhymes: -eːrən

Verb

deren

1. (transitive) to harm

Inflection

Related terms

• deerlijk
• ongedeerd

Galician

Verb

deren

1. third-person plural future subjunctive of dar

German

Alternative forms

• dero

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːʁən/, /ˈdeːɐ̯n/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːʀən

Pronoun

deren (relative or demonstrative)

1. inflection of der:
   1. genitive feminine singular
   2. genitive plural
   3. (relative) whose, of which
   4. (demonstrative) her, their, the latter's

Usage notes

Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.

Consider:

1. Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.

   They have invited their friends and their son.

and

1. Sie haben ihre Freunde und deren Sohn eingeladen.

   They have invited their friends and their son.

The first sentence relates that the family which invites has a son, thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainian свій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:

1. Вони запросили своїх друзів і свого сина.

vs.

1. Вони запросили своїх друзів і їхнього сина.

Declension

Relative pronoun:

Demonstrative pronoun:

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Verb

dēren

1. to harm, to hurt
2. to hurt emotionally
3. to damage

Inflection

Alternative forms

• dāren

Descendants

• Dutch: deren
• Limburgish: dere, dieëre

Further reading

• “deren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “daren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page daren
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “deren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Verb

deren

1. to harm, to hurt
   • Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible, early 12th century;

     Unson lichamen maht tu daren, the sielen solen zo genathen uaren.

     You can hurt our bodies, the souls will go to (the state of) grace.

2. to damage

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: deren
  • Dutch: deren
  • Limburgish: dere, dieëre

Further reading

• “deren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012