deren
From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.
deren
Inflection of deren (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | deren | |||
past singular | deerde | |||
past participle | gedeerd | |||
infinitive | deren | |||
gerund | deren n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | deer | deerde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | deert | deerde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | deert | deerde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | deert | deerde | ||
3rd person singular | deert | deerde | ||
plural | deren | deerden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | dere | deerde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | deren | deerden | ||
imperative sing. | deer | |||
imperative plur.1 | deert | |||
participles | derend | gedeerd | ||
1) Archaic. |
deren
deren (relative or demonstrative)
Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.
Consider:
and
The first sentence relates that the family which invites has a son, thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainian свій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:
vs.
Relative pronoun:
Declension of der | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren younger also: derer |
dessen | derer deren |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
Demonstrative pronoun:
Declension of der | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren younger also: derer |
dessen | derer deren |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
From Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.
dēren
Weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | dēren | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | dēren | |
In genitive | dērens | |
In dative | dērene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | dēre | — |
2nd singular | dēers, dēres | — |
3rd singular | dēert, dēret | — |
1st plural | dēren | — |
2nd plural | dēert, dēret | — |
3rd plural | dēren | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | dēre | — |
2nd singular | dēers, dēres | — |
3rd singular | dēre | — |
1st plural | dēren | — |
2nd plural | dēert, dēret | — |
3rd plural | dēren | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | dēer, dēre | |
Plural | dēert, dēret | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | dērende | — |
From Proto-West Germanic *darjan.
deren