dharau

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Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic .

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

dharau (n class, plural dharau)

  1. scorn, contempt

Verb

-dharau (infinitive kudharau)

  1. to despise or disdain (to regard with contempt or scorn)
  2. to slight or insult someone

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dharau
Positive present -nadharau
Subjunctive -dharau
Negative -dharau
Imperative singular dharau
Infinitives
Positive kudharau
Negative kutodharau
Imperatives
Singular dharau
Plural dharauni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudharau
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidharau
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudharau
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadharau)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadharau/nadharau tunadharau
2nd person unadharau mnadharau
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadharau wanadharau
other classes positive subject concord + -nadharau
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dharau)
Singular Plural
1st person sidharau hatudharau
2nd person hudharau hamdharau
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadharau hawadharau
other classes negative subject concord + -dharau
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadharau
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadharau
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dharau)
Singular Plural
1st person nidharau tudharau
2nd person udharau mdharau
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adharau wadharau
other classes positive subject concord + -dharau
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidharau
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedharau
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedharau
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidharau
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidharau
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adharau)
Singular Plural
1st person nadharau twadharau
2nd person wadharau mwadharau
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adharau wadharau
m-mi(III/IV) wadharau yadharau
ji-ma(V/VI) ladharau yadharau
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadharau vyadharau
n(IX/X) yadharau zadharau
u(XI) wadharau see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadharau
pa(XVI) padharau
mu(XVIII) mwadharau
Perfect positive subject concord + -medharau
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadharau
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadharau
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidharau
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodharau
Consecutive kadharau / positive subject concord + -kadharau
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadharau
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidharau -tudharau
2nd person -kudharau -wadharau/-kudharauni/-wadharauni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdharau -wadharau
m-mi(III/IV) -udharau -idharau
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidharau -yadharau
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidharau -vidharau
n(IX/X) -idharau -zidharau
u(XI) -udharau see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudharau
pa(XVI) -padharau
mu(XVIII) -mudharau
Reflexive -jidharau
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dharau- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dharauye -dharauo
m-mi(III/IV) -dharauo -dharauyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -dharaulo -dharauyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dharaucho -dharauvyo
n(IX/X) -dharauyo -dharauzo
u(XI) -dharauo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -dharauko
pa(XVI) -dharaupo
mu(XVIII) -dharaumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dharau)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedharau -odharau
m-mi(III/IV) -odharau -yodharau
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodharau -yodharau
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodharau -vyodharau
n(IX/X) -yodharau -zodharau
u(XI) -odharau see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodharau
pa(XVI) -podharau
mu(XVIII) -modharau
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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