dhe

From Proto-Albanian *dže, from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe. Unlike its cognate descendants of Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe, dhe has lost its clitic behaviour, becoming like a typical coordinating conjunction such as English and.

• edhe, e

• IPA^(key): /ðe/

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dhe

1. and (used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera)
2. also

From Proto-Albanian *dzō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰōm (“earth”).^[1] Compare Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), Latin humus, Old Church Slavonic землꙗ (zemlja). By some identified as the source of Ancient Greek δῆ (dê, “earth”).^[2]

• IPA^(key): /ðe/

dhe m (plural dhera, definite dheu, definite plural dherat)

1. earth, land
2. soil

• kapërdhij
• përdhos
• gërdhele
• gërdhet

• gërdhatë
• dhatë

From Proto-Brythonic *di, from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).

• IPA^(key): /ðə/

dhe (triggers soft mutation)

1. to (expresses purpose)
   • 1707, Edward Lhuyd, “Dzhûan Tſhei An Hɐr”, in Archæologia Britannica:

     me a vedn mɐz δa huillaz huêl δɐ îl

     I am going to go to look for work to do

2. (when inflected for person) to someone, towards someone
   • 1707, Edward Lhuyd, “Dzhûan Tſhei An Hɐr”, in Archæologia Britannica:

     Na meδ e veſter rei δem, ha me a vedn laveral δîz

     No, said his boss, give to me, and I will tell you

3. expresses possession

• de

• IPA^(key): /jɛ/^[1][2]

dhe (emphatic dhesean)

1. third-person singular masculine of de

dhe (+ dative)

1. Alternative form of de