dió
Hungarian
Etymology
From old Hungarian gyivó, from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. According to Talât Tekin it was borrowed from Lir-type Turkic. Related to Kazakh жаңғақ (jañğaq), Uzbek yong'oq, Old Turkic (yagak), etc.
Pronunciation
Noun
dió (countable and uncountable, plural diók)
- walnut (either a nut or the wood of the walnut tree)
- (in compounds) some (but not all) other nuts (see the Derived terms below)
Usage notes
In Hungarian there is no generic term for nut as such; some are referred to as a type of dió (originally: “walnut”), some others as a type of mogyoró (“peanut / hazelnut”), and some others as a type of gesztenye (“chestnut”). On the other hand, pine nut is called fenyőmag (literally “pine seed”). The broad meaning of nut may be expressed with a phrase formed with the above terms: dió-, mogyoró- és gesztenyeféle or loosely dióféle (compare -féle).
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | dió | diók |
| accusative | diót | diókat |
| dative | diónak | dióknak |
| instrumental | dióval | diókkal |
| causal-final | dióért | diókért |
| translative | dióvá | diókká |
| terminative | dióig | diókig |
| essive-formal | dióként | diókként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | dióban | diókban |
| superessive | dión | diókon |
| adessive | diónál | dióknál |
| illative | dióba | diókba |
| sublative | dióra | diókra |
| allative | dióhoz | diókhoz |
| elative | dióból | diókból |
| delative | dióról | diókról |
| ablative | diótól | dióktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
dióé | dióké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
dióéi | diókéi |
| Possessive forms of dió | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | dióm | dióim |
| 2nd person sing. | diód | dióid |
| 3rd person sing. | diója | diói |
| 1st person plural | diónk | dióink |
| 2nd person plural | diótok | dióitok |
| 3rd person plural | diójuk | dióik |
Derived terms
References
- ^ dió in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Tekin, Talât, Tuna Bulgarları ve Dilleri, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1987.
Further reading
- dió in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- dió in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Spanish
Verb
dió