dir

English

Alternative forms

• dir.

Noun

dir (plural dirs)

1. Abbreviation of direction.
2. (computing) Abbreviation of directory.
3. Abbreviation of director.

Adjective

dir (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of direct.

Adverb

dir

1. Abbreviation of directly.

Anagrams

• D.R.I., DRI, IDR, rid

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin dicere.

Verb

dir

1. to say

Asturian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding conjugations of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from forms of Latin esse.

Verb

dir

1. to go

Conjugation

From http://ast.oslin.org/index.php?action=lemma&lemma=17232.

Bavarian

Pronoun

dir

1. Alternative spelling of dia (“you”, dative)

Breton

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diʁ/

Noun

dir m

1. steel

Catalan

Alternative forms

• dire (Northern, Alghero)
• diure (Alghero)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”). Compare Occitan dire or díser, French dire, and Spanish decir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencian)

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

dir (first-person singular present dic, first-person singular preterite diguí, past participle dit)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to say, to pronounce
2. (transitive) to say, to tell

   Va dir una mentida.

   She told a lie.

   El dèiem que cuinés el sopar.

   We told him to cook dinner.

3. (transitive) to call, to refer to as
4. (reflexive) to be named, to be called

   Com et dius? ― What's your name?

Conjugation

Balearic has deis and Valencian has dis as the second-person plural present indicative form. This is similar to French dire having dites as the standard form instead of the expected disez, and contemporary Italian dire having dite as the standard form in place of the expected dicete.

Derived terms

• dir-se
• com et dius
• és a dir
• voler dir

Related terms

• dicció
• dictar
• entredir

Further reading

• “dir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “dir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “dir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “dir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

German

Alternative forms

• Dir

Etymology

From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /diːɐ̯/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /dɐ/, /də/

Pronoun

dir

1. (personal) dative of du; you, to you.
2. (reflexive) dative of du; yourself, to yourself.

Further reading

• “dir” in Duden online

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French dire (“to say”).

Verb

dir

1. (Saint-Domingue) to say, to tell

   Mo prié vou tant seulement vou pas dir personne à rien. ― I just ask that you don't tell anyone a thing.

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: di

References

• S.J Ducoeurjoly, Manuel des habitans de Saint-Domingue, contenant un précis de l'histoire de cette île

Italian

Verb

dir (apocopated)

1. Apocopic form of dire

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

• der (unstressed)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːr/, ,
• Rhymes: -iːə
• Homophones: dier, Dier, Dir

Etymology 1

From Old High German dir.

Pronoun

dir

1. second-person singular, dative: you; thee

   Ech hunn dir e Bréif geschéckt.

   I have sent you a letter.

Etymology 2

From Old High German ir. The d- is through unetymological segmentation of the ending -t of a preceding verb (*stitt ir → *stiddir → stitt dir). This development was assisted by a parallelism with the 1st person, in which the dative singular mir is also the nominative plural (this latter development occurred for a similar reason, but was earlier and is widespread throughout High German).

Pronoun

dir

1. second-person plural, nominative: you; you all; ye

   Hutt dir gutt geschlof?

   Have you slept well?

Derived terms

• Dir (singular and plural polite form)

Declension

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• dire

Etymology

From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere.

Verb

dir

1. to say

Descendants

• Occitan: dire, díder, díser

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz. Compare German dir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːɐ̯/

Pronoun

dir

1. dative of du: you, to you

Declension

Romansch

Etymology 1

From Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dir m (feminine singular dira, masculine plural dirs, feminine plural diras)

1. (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun) hard

Alternative forms

• deir (Surmiran)
• dür (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology 2

From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”). The origin of some forms starting with sch- likely result from regular elisions of unstressed syllables: dīcēbam → *dcéβa → scheva.

Verb

dir

1. to say

Conjugation

Alternative forms

• dir (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader)
• gir (Sutsilvan)
• deir (Surmiran)

Etymology 3

Noun

dir m (plural dirs)

1. (anatomy, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) liver

Alternative forms

• deir (Surmiran)

Synonyms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader) gnirom
• (Surmiran) nirom
• (Puter) gniram
• (Puter) fio

Somali

Verb

dir

1. send

Tolai

Pronoun

dir

1. Third-person dual pronoun: they two, them two

Declension

Venetian

Etymology

From a contraction of Latin dīcere (compare Italian dire), present active infinitive of dīcō.

Verb

dir

1. (transitive) to say, tell
2. (transitive) to affirm

Conjugation

• Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːr/
• Homophone: dur (South Wales)

Noun

dir

1. Soft mutation of tir (“land”).

Mutation