dirgrynu

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Welsh

Etymology

dir- (“extreme”) +‎ crynu (“to tremble”).

Pronunciation

Verb

dirgrynu (first-person singular present crynaf) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. to quake, to tremble violently
    Synonym: ysgwyd
  2. to shudder, to vibrate
    Synonym: ergrynu
  3. to convulse
    Synonym: dirddynu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future dirgrynaf dirgryni dirgrŷn, dirgryna dirgrynwn dirgrynwch dirgrynant dirgrynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		dirgrynwn dirgrynit dirgrynai dirgrynem dirgrynech dirgrynent dirgrynid
preterite dirgrynais dirgrynaist dirgrynodd dirgrynasom dirgrynasoch dirgrynasant dirgrynwyd
pluperfect dirgrynaswn dirgrynasit dirgrynasai dirgrynasem dirgrynasech dirgrynasent dirgrynasid, dirgrynesid
present subjunctive dirgrynwyf dirgrynych dirgryno dirgrynom dirgrynoch dirgrynont dirgryner
imperative — dirgryna dirgryned dirgrynwn dirgrynwch dirgrynent dirgryner
verbal noun dirgrynu
verbal adjectives dirgrynedig
dirgrynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future dirgryna i, dirgrynaf i dirgryni di dirgrynith o/e/hi, dirgryniff e/hi dirgrynwn ni dirgrynwch chi dirgrynan nhw
conditional dirgrynwn i, dirgrynswn i dirgrynet ti, dirgrynset ti dirgrynai fo/fe/hi, dirgrynsai fo/fe/hi dirgrynen ni, dirgrynsen ni dirgrynech chi, dirgrynsech chi dirgrynen nhw, dirgrynsen nhw
preterite dirgrynais i, dirgrynes i dirgrynaist ti, dirgrynest ti dirgrynodd o/e/hi dirgrynon ni dirgrynoch chi dirgrynon nhw
imperative — dirgryna — — dirgrynwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of dirgrynu
radical soft nasal aspirate
dirgrynu ddirgrynu nirgrynu unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dirgrynu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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