doktor

Albanian

Noun

doktor m (plural doktorë, definite doktori, definite plural doktorët); feminine equivalent doktoreshë

1. a male doctor

Declension

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Internationalism; ultimately from Latin doctor.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

doktor (definite accusative doktoru, plural doktorlar)

1. doctor (a person who has attained a doctorate)

   tarixi elmlər doktoru ― a PhD (doctor) in history

2. physician

   Synonyms: həkim, təbib

Declension

Bikol Central

Alternative forms

• Dr. — abbreviation
• Doc, dok

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish doctor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dokˈtoɾ/,
• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

doktór (Basahan spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜍ᜔)

1. doctor; physician

   Synonym: parabulong

2. (dated) act of tinkering with

   Synonym: ano

3. (dated) act of fiddling with

   Synonym: kuyan

Derived terms

Brunei Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English doctor, from Middle English doctor, doctour (“an expert, authority on a subject”), from Anglo-Norman doctour, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dok.tor/
• (Kedayan) IPA^(key): /dok.to/

Noun

doktor

1. doctor (physician)
2. (academic) doctor, person who has attained a doctorate

Hyponyms

• doktor bedah (“surgeon”)
• doktor gigi (“dentist”)
• doktor pakar (“specialist”)

Derived terms

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish doctor, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”).

Verb sense, borrowed from English doctor

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

doktor (doktór feminine, doktora)

1. doctor
   1. physician
   2. a person who has attained a doctorate
2. veterinarian

Verb

doktór

1. to doctor (alter or falsify a document)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech doktor, from Latin doctor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

doktor m anim (feminine doktorka)

1. doctor, physician

   Synonyms: lékař, léčitel

2. doctor, PhD

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• doktor in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• doktor in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• doktor in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Etymology

From Latin doctor, from doceō (“to teach”) +‎ -tor +‎ agent noun.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔɡdɐ/, ,

Noun

doktor c (singular definite doktoren, plural indefinite doktorer)

1. doctor (a physician)
2. doctor (a person who has attained a doctorate)

Inflection

Synonyms

• (physician): læge

Derived terms

References

• “doktor” in Den Danske Ordbog

Estonian

Etymology

German Doktor. Doublet of tohter.

Noun

doktor (genitive doktori, partitive doktorit)

1. doctor (person who has obtained a doctorate)
2. doctor (physician)

   Synonym: arst

3. Doctor (title)

   Synonym: dr

Declension

Further reading

• doktor in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dok‧tor
• Rhymes: -or

Noun

doktor (plural doktorok)

1. (folksy) doctor (physician)

   Synonym: orvos

2. doctor (a person who has attained a doctorate)

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• doktor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• doktor in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔxtɔr/

Noun

doktor m (genitive singular doktors, nominative plural doktorar)

1. doctor (person with a university doctorate)

Declension

Derived terms

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:

doktor

Wikipedia ^id

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch doctor (“doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)”), from Middle Dutch doctor, from Latin doctor (“teacher, instructor”). Doublet of dokter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔk.tɔr/
• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

doktor

1. doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)

Usage notes

The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay doktor.

Related terms

Further reading

• “doktor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Ladino

Etymology

Borrowed from Turkish doktor, from French docteur.

Noun

doktor m (Latin spelling)

1. doctor

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English doctor, from Middle English doctor, doctour (“an expert, authority on a subject”), from Anglo-Norman doctour, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Malaysian) IPA^(key): /doktor/,
• Rhymes: -tor, -or

• Audio (MY)

  (file)

Noun

doktor

1. doctor (physician)

   Synonyms: dokter, tabib, bomor

2. doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)

Usage notes

• The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian doktor.
• Both Standard Malaysian and Singaporean Malay plus Indonesian lists "person who has attained a doctorate" sense. However, Indonesian uses the cognate dokter, for the physician sense.

Derived terms

• doktor gigi

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

doktor

Wikipedia ^no

Etymology

From Latin doctor.

Noun

doktor m (definite singular doktoren, indefinite plural doktorer, definite plural doktorene)

1. doctor (physician)
2. Doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)

Synonyms

• (physician): lege

Derived terms

• doktorgrad
• heksedoktor
• æresdoktor

References

• “doktor” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin doctor.

Noun

doktor m (definite singular doktoren, indefinite plural doktorar, definite plural doktorane)

1. Doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)

Derived terms

• doktorgrad
• heksedoktor
• æresdoktor

References

• “doktor” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin doctor. Compare Old Polish doktor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈdoktor/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈdoktor/

Noun

doktor m pers (related adjective doktorský)

1. (Ecclesiastic) teacher
2. doctor (person holding a doctorate)
3. scholar
4. (religion) Honorary title of church dignitaries.

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Czech: doktor

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “doktor”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin doctor. First attested in c. 1420. Compare Old Czech doktor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /dɔktɔ(ː)r/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /dɔktɔr/, /dɔktor/

Noun

doktor m animacy unattested (related adjective doktorowski)

1. scholar (learned person; especially an expert in the Bible and theology, in Christianity sometimes the official title of theological writers)
   • 1874-1891 [c. 1420], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 86:

     Wszelky mysztrz nawczony, wszelky doctor albo pyszarz w crolewszthwe nebeszkem (omnis scriba doctus in regno coelorum Mat 13, 52) rowni yeszth oczczw czeladnemw

     [Wszelki mistrz nauczony, wszelki doktor albo pisarz w krolewstwie niebieskim (omnis scriba doctus in regno coelorum Mat 13, 52) rowny jest oćcu czeladnemu]

   • Beginning of the 15th century, Kazania gnieźnieńskie‎, page 11b:

     Ten tho velebny doctor, gemusczy Bedza (leg. Beda) dzegø, mouiy

     [Ten to wielebny doktor, jemużci Beda dzieją, mowi]

2. doctor (person holding a doctorate)
   • 1895 [1448–1450], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, page 82:

     Yvsz prawa polska szą dokonana, yasz wykladana przes mystrza y doctora Swanthoslawa s Woczyeschyna, cvstosscha kosczola warszewskyego swąnthego Iana

     [Już prawa polska są dokonana, jaż wykładana przez mistrza i doktora Świętosława s Wocieszyna, kustosza kościoła warszewskiego Świętego Jana]

Derived terms

Descendants

• Polish: doktor, doktór
  • → Kashubian: doktór
• Silesian: dŏchtōr

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “doktor”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

doktor

Wikipedia ^pl

Alternative forms

• doktór (regional or colloquial)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish doktor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔk.tɔr/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈdɔk.tɔr/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔktɔr
• Syllabification: dok‧tor

Noun

doktor m pers (female equivalent doktor or doktorka, diminutive doktorek, abbreviation dr)

1. (colloquial, medicine) physician, medical doctor

   Synonyms: eskulap, lekarz, medyk

2. doctor (person holding a doctorate)
3. (obsolete) doctor, scholar

   Synonym: uczony

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• → Kashubian: doktór

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), doktor is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 3 times in scientific texts, 52 times in news, 15 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 39 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 131 times, making it the 460th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Noun

doktor f (indeclinable)

1. (colloquial, medicine) female equivalent of doktor (“physician, medical doctor”)

   Synonym: doktorka

2. female equivalent of doktor (“doctor”) (person holding a doctorate)

   Synonym: doktorka

References

Further reading

• doktor in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• doktor in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “doktor”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “DOKTOR”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18.03.2016
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “doktor”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “doktor”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “doktor”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 495
• doktor in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dôktor/
• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

dȍktor m (Cyrillic spelling до̏ктор)

1. doctor, physician
2. doctor, PhD

Declension

Derived terms

• dȍktorica
• (Serbia) dȍktōrka

Slovak

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin doctor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

doktor m anim (declension pattern of chlap, feminine doktorka)

1. doctor, physician

   Synonyms: lekár, liečiteľ

2. doctor, PhD

Declension

Derived terms

• doktorový

Swedish

Alternative forms

• (Abbreviations) d:r, dr, dr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔkˌtɔr/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

doktor c

1. doctor; physician
2. doctor; person who has achieved a graduate degree such as a Ph.D. or a Th.D.

Declension

Synonyms

• (physician): läkare

Related terms

Descendants

• → Finnish: tohtori

Further reading

• doktor in Svensk ordbok.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish doctor (“doctor”), from Latin doctor (“teacher”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dokˈtoɾ/,
• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

doktór (feminine doktora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

1. doctor; physician

   Synonyms: manggagamot, mediko

2. doctorate degree

   Synonym: doktorado

3. (colloquial) falsification

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• “doktor”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دوقتور (doktor), from French docteur, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”). Cognate with Azerbaijani doktor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dokˈtoɾ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dok‧tor

Noun

doktor (definite accusative doktoru, plural doktorlar)

1. doctor

Declension

Synonyms

• hekim
• tabip

Descendants

• → Ladino: doktor

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دوقتور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 610

Yogad

Noun

doktór

1. doctor