dongeoun

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Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”).[1][2][3][4][5] The sense "underground cell below the keep of a castle", first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and not in other varieties of Old French, may have been influenced by the etymologically unrelated[6] Old English dung (“underground prison cell”). An early manuscript (c1300) of the Middle English poem A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule uses the word "donge" in the same line, cited below, where the later Vernon manuscript (c. 1380-1400) uses the word "dungoun" ("Þe erþe hemsulf it lek aȝeyn, Anon þe donge it was fordit").[7]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dunˈdʒuːn/, /ˈdundʒun/

Noun

dongeoun

  1. A castle; a great fortification.
  2. The keep or donjon of a castle.
  3. A dungeon; an underground prison.
    • c. 1325 – 1390, A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule , (Vernon manuscript):[7]
      The eorthe closede hit self aȝeyn, And the dungoun was for-dit.
  4. (figurative) An abyssal prison, such as Hell or the world.
  5. (rare) A rough dwelling or refuge.
  6. (rare) A pit; an abyss.
  7. (rare) A whirlpool or vortex.

Descendants

  • English: dungeon, donjon
  • Scots: dungeon

References

  1. ^ “dungeon, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  2. ^ “dǒnǧǒun, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  3. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*dominio”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 130: “Engl. dungeon, piem. dongion sind dem gallorom. entlehnt...”
  4. ^ Merriam-Webster. 1991. The Merriam-Webster new book of word histories. Springfield: Merriam-Webster. Page 152.
  5. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “dongeoun”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  6. ^ “dungeon, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bishop, Chris (2019) “Our own dark hearts: re-evaluating the medieval dungeon”, in Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association‎, volume 15

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