From to- + Proto-Celtic *tudeti, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”); cognate with Sanskrit तुदति (tudáti), Latin tundō, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan).[1] The final consonant originated in the prototonic ·tuit /ˈtutʲ/ from */ˈtoθuðʲθʲ/, syncopated from *to-tudeti, and later spread to the deuterotonic. The /u/ vowel, on the other hand, originated in the deuterotonic and later spread to the prototonic, as the original prototonic form */ˈtoθuðθʲ/ would normally have become *·túait */ˈtuːa̯tʲ/.[2]
The preterite stem is from to- + Proto-Celtic *kerat (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”); cognate with Sanskrit शृणाति (śṛṇā́ti, “to crush”) and Ancient Greek κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to ravage, plunder”).[3]
do·tuit (prototonic ·tuit, verbal noun tothaimm)
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present indicative | Deut. | do·tuit | do·tuitet | do·tuiter | |||||
Prot. | ·tuit | ·tuitet | ·tuiter | ||||||
Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | ·tuititis | ||||||||
Preterite | Deut. | do·ceir | do·certar | ||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Perfect | Deut. | do·rochair | do·rochratar | ||||||
Prot. | ·torchar | ·torchar | ·torchair | ||||||
Future | Deut. | do·tóeth | do·tóethsat | ||||||
Prot. | ·tóethus | ·tóethais | ·tóeth | ·tóethsat | |||||
Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | ·tóethsad | ·tóethsaitis | |||||||
Present subjunctive | Deut. | do·rothudus (ro-form) | do·todsat | ||||||
Prot. | ·tothais | ·torthaissem (ro-form) | ·todsat; ·torthaisset (ro-form) | ||||||
Past subjunctive | Deut. | do·toidsinn | do·rothsad (ro-form) | ||||||
Prot. | ·todsaitis | ||||||||
Imperative | tuit | ||||||||
Verbal noun | tothaimm | ||||||||
Past participle | |||||||||
Verbal of necessity |
From dí- + Proto-Celtic *tudeti, as above.
do·tuit (prototonic ·díthat, verbal noun díthim)
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | ·díthat | ||||||||
Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Perfect | Deut. | do·roth | |||||||
Prot. | ·deroth | ·dertaiset | |||||||
Future | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Verbal noun | díthim | ||||||||
Past participle | |||||||||
Verbal of necessity |
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
do·tuit | do·thuit | do·tuit pronounced with /-d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |