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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).
The sense of "dream", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation", also "dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.
Cognate with Scots dreme (“dream”), North Frisian drom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Low German Droom, Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Norwegian Nynorsk draum, Swedish dröm (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).
more details
The derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.
Attested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).
The verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”).
Pronunciation
Noun
dream (plural dreams)
- Imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping.
- Synonym: (archaic) sweven
- Hyponym: nightmare
- have a dream
- scary dream
- vivid dream
- erotic dream
- feel like a dream
- be in a dream
1914, Louis Joseph Vance, chapter II, in Nobody, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 1915, →OCLC:She wakened in sharp panic, bewildered by the grotesquerie of some half-remembered dream in contrast with the harshness of inclement fact, drowsily realising that since she had fallen asleep it had come on to rain smartly out of a shrouded sky.
1982, “Mad World”, in Roland Orzabal (lyrics), The Hurting, performed by Tears for Fears:And I find it kind of funny, I find it kind of sad
The dreams in which I'm dying are the best I've ever had
- (figurative) A hope or wish.
- have a dream
- fulfil a dream
- harbour a dream
- realize a dream
1908, W B M Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:So this was my future home, I thought! […] Backed by towering hills, the but faintly discernible purple line of the French boundary off to the southwest, a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
1963 August 28, Martin Luther King, I have a Dream:I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
2010, Jonathan Green, Murder in the High Himalaya: Loyalty, Tragedy, and Escape from Tibet, 1st edition (Politics), PublicAffairs, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 33:More likely than capture is death at the hands of Chinese border police. Killings like that of fifteen-year-old Yeshe Dundrub, shot at night in Saga County (Ch: Saga Xian) in November 1999, while fleeing with forty others to Nepal, are covered up when possible. (Dundrub, whose dream was to be a monk, died in a military hospital bed nine hours after he was shot.)
- A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy.
- Synonym: vision
- live in a dream
- wake up from a dream
- impossible dream
a dream of bliss
the dream of his youth
c. 1735, Alexander Pope, John Donne's Satires Versified:There sober thought pursued the amusing theme,
Till Fancy coloured it and formed a dream.
1870, John Shairp, Culture and Religion:It is not, then, a mere dream, but a very real aim which they propose.
Derived terms
Translations
imaginary events seen while sleeping
- Abkhaz: аԥхыӡ (apxədz)
- Acehnese: lumpoë
- Adyghe: пщӏыхьапӏэ (pśʼəḥapʼɛ)
- Afrikaans: droom (af)
- Aguaruna: kaha
- Ainu: タラㇷ゚ (tarap)
- Albanian: ëndërr (sq) f
- Arabic: حُلْم (ar) m (ḥulm), رُؤْيَا f (ruʔyā), مَنام m (manām)
- Egyptian Arabic: حلم m (ḥélem)
- Hijazi Arabic: حلم m (ḥílim)
- North Levantine Arabic: حلم m (ḥélem)
- South Levantine Arabic: حلم m (ḥélem, ḥúlum)
- Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܚܠܡܐ m (ḥelmā)
- Armenian: երազ (hy) (eraz), անուրջ (hy) (anurǰ)
- Assamese: সপোন (xopün)
- Asturian: suañu m
- Avar: макьу (makkˡʼu)
- Azerbaijani: röya, yuxu (az)
- Baluchi: واب (wáb)
- Bashkir: төш (töş)
- Basque: amets (eu)
- Bavarian: Draam
- Belarusian: сон m (son)
- Bengali: স্বপ্ন (bn) (śopno), খোয়াব (bn) (khōẇab)
- Bikol Central: pangiturog
- Breton: hunvre (br) m
- Buginese: nipi
- Bulgarian: сън (bg) m (sǎn)
- Burmese: အိပ်မက် (my) (ipmak)
- Catalan: somni (ca) m
- Cebuano: damgo
- Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ f (tawargit)
- Chechen: гӏан (ğan)
- Chepang: माङः (mang')
- Cherokee: ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᏗ (asgitisdi)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 夢/梦 (yue) (mung6)
- Mandarin: 夢/梦 (zh) (mèng)
- Classical Nahuatl: temictli
- Czech: sen (cs) m
- Danish: drøm (da) c
- Dongxiang: zhaojin
- Drung: mlvng
- Dutch: droom (nl) m
- Egyptian: (rswt f)
- Esperanto: sonĝo
- Estonian: unenägu
- Even: толкун (tolkun)
- Evenki: толкин (tolkin)
- Faroese: dreymur m
- Finnish: uni (fi)
- French: rêve (fr) m, songe (fr) m
- Friulian: sium m, insium m
- Galician: soño (gl) m
- Garo: জুমাং (dźu-maŋ)
- Georgian: სიზმარი (sizmari)
- German: Traum (de) m
- Greek: όνειρο (el) n (óneiro), ενύπνιο (el) n (enýpnio)
- Ancient: ὄνειρος m (óneiros), ἐνύπνιον n (enúpnion)
- Guaraní: ke
- Gujarati: સ્વપ્ન (svapna)
- Haitian Creole: rèv
- Hawaiian: moeʻuhane, moe
- Hebrew: חֲלוֹם (he) m (khalóm)
- Higaonon: damugo
- Hiligaynon: damgo
- Hindi: सपना (hi) m (sapnā)
- Hungarian: álom (hu)
- Hunsrik: Draum m
- Icelandic: draumur (is) m
- Ido: sonjo (io)
- Indonesian: mimpi (id)
- Ingrian: uni
- Irish: brionglóid (ga) f, taibhreamh m
- Istriot: sugno m
- Italian: sogno (it) m
- Jamaican Creole: jriim
- Japanese: 夢 (ja) (yume)
- Kabardian: пщӏыхь (kbd) (pśʼəḥ)
- Kabyle: targit f
- Kannada: ಕನಸು (kn) (kanasu), ಸ್ವಪ್ನ (kn) (svapna)
- Kapampangan: pananinap
- Kazakh: түс (kk) (tüs)
- Khmer: សប្តិ (sɑp), ការយល់សប្តិ (kaa yŭəl sɑp), សុបិន (km) (sobən), មមាល (km) (mɔmiəl)
- Khowar: خوشپ (xošp)
- Kikuyu: kĩroto class 7
- Komi-Permyak: он (on)
- Komi-Zyrian: ун (un)
- Korean: 꿈 (ko) (kkum)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: خەون (xewn)
- Northern Kurdish: xewn (ku) f
- Kyrgyz: түш (ky) (tüş)
- Lao: ຝັນ (fan)
- Latgalian: sapyns
- Latin: somnium n, nox (la) f
- Latvian: sapnis (lv) m
- Lithuanian: sãpnas (lt) m
- Lombard: sogn (lmo) m
- Luganda: ekilooto
- Lushootseed: sqəlalitut
- Luxembourgish: Dram m
- Macedonian: сон m (son)
- Makasar: cini
- Malay: mimpi (ms)
- Malayalam: കിനാവ് (ml) (kināvŭ), സ്വപ്നം (ml) (svapnaṁ)
- Maltese: ħolma (mt) f
- Manchu: ᡨᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ (tolgin)
- Maori: moemoeā, tahakura (involving the appearance of someone who has died), maruāpō, marupō
- Marathi: स्वप्न n (svapna)
- Mari:
- Eastern Mari: омо (omo)
- Middle English: drem, sweven
- Middle French: resve m
- Middle Korean: ᄭᅮᆷ〮 (skwúm)
- Mirandese: suonho
- Mizo: mang
- Mongolian: зүүд (mn) (züüd)
- Mpade: sware
- Mwani: nloto
- Nanai: толкин (tolkin)
- Navajo: naʼiidzeeł
- Nepali: सपना (sapanā)
- North Frisian: Droom c (Sylt)
- Northern Mansi: (please verify) ӯлем (ūlem)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: drøm (no) m
- Nynorsk: draum m
- Occitan: sòmi (oc) m
- Odia: ସ୍ୱପ୍ନ (swôpnô)
- Okinawan: 夢 (imi)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: сънъ m (sŭnŭ)
- Old English: swefn n
- Old Japanese: 夢 (ime2)
- Old Javanese: ipi
- Old Norse: draumr
- Old Saxon: drom
- Oromo: abjuu
- Osage: hǫ́bre
- Ossetian: фын (fyn)
- Pali: supina
- Pela: ja̠p⁵⁵ maʔ⁵⁵
- Persian: خواب (fa) (xâb), رویا (fa) (rowyâ)
- Piedmontese: seugn m
- Plautdietsch: Droom (nds) m
- Polish: sen (pl) m, sny (pl) pl
- Portuguese: sonho (pt) m
- Romani: suno m
- Romanian: vis (ro) n
- Romansch: siemi m (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan), semi m (Surmiran), sömmi m (Puter, Vallader)
- Russian: сон (ru) m (son), сновиде́ние (ru) n (snovidénije), грёза (ru) f (grjóza)
- Sami:
- Kildin Sami: нагерь (nag’er’)
- Sanskrit: स्वप्न (sa) (svapna)
- Sardinian: bisu
- Scottish Gaelic: bruadar m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: сан m
- Roman: san (sh) m, snovidjenje
- Shona: chiroto
- Sicilian: sonnu (scn) m
- Sinhalese: ස්වප්න (swapna)
- Slovak: sen m
- Slovene: sanje (sl) f pl
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: cowanje n
- Upper Sorbian: són m
- Spanish: sueño (es) m, ensueño (es) m
- Swahili: ndoto (sw)
- Swedish: dröm (sv) c
- Tagalog: panaginip
- Tajik: хоб (tg) (xob)
- Tamil: கனவு (ta) (kaṉavu)
- Tarifit: tarjit f, tirja f pl
- Tashelhit: tawargit f
- Tat: xo, xo
- Tatar: төш (tt) (töş)
- Telugu: కల (te) (kala), స్వప్నము (te) (svapnamu)
- Thai: ฝัน (th) (fǎn)
- Tibetan: རྨི་ལམ (rmi lam), གཉིད་ལམ (gnyid lam)
- Turkish: rüya (tr), düş (tr)
- Turkmen: düýş
- Tuvan: дүш (düş)
- Udmurt: ум (um)
- Ukrainian: сон (uk) m (son), сновиді́ння n (snovydínnja)
- Urdu: خواب m (xvāb), سَپْنا m (sapnā)
- Uyghur: چۈش (ug) (chüsh)
- Uzbek: tush (uz)
- Venetian: insonjo m
- Vietnamese: giấc mơ (vi)
- Waray-Waray: i-nop
- Welsh: breuddwyd (cy) m or f
- West Frisian: dream (fy)
- White Hmong: npau, npau suav
- Yagnobi: хун (xun)
- Yiddish: חלום m (kholem)
- Yucatec Maya: wayakʼ, náay
- Zulu: iphupho class 5/6
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hope or wish
- Arabic: حُلْم (ar) m (ḥulm), أَحْلام m pl (ʔaḥlām)
- Archi: хийал (xijal)
- Armenian: երազանք (hy) (erazankʻ)
- Assamese: সপোন (xopün), হেঁপাহ (hẽpah)
- Asturian: suañu m
- Azerbaijani: xəyal (az)
- Bashkir: хыял (xıyal)
- Belarusian: ма́ра (be) f (mára), мро́я f (mrója)
- Bengali: স্বপ্ন (bn) (śopno)
- Breton: hunvre (br) m
- Bulgarian: сън (bg) m (sǎn), сънища (bg) pl (sǎništa), мечта́ (bg) f (mečtá)
- Catalan: somni (ca) m, il·lusió (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 夢想/梦想 (zh) (mèngxiǎng)
- Czech: sen (cs) m
- Danish: drøm (da) c
- Dutch: droom (nl) m, hoop (nl) n
- Esperanto: revo
- Estonian: unistus
- Faroese: dreymur m
- Finnish: unelma (fi), haave (fi)
- French: rêve (fr) m, songe (fr) m, voeu (fr) m, souhait (fr) m, vœu (fr) m
- Galician: soño (gl) m
- Georgian: ოცნება (ocneba)
- German: Traum (de) m, Wunsch (de) m
- Greek: όραμα (el) n (órama), όνειρο (el) n (óneiro)
- Hebrew: חֲלוֹם (he) m (khalóm)
- Hindi: ख़्वाब (hi) m (xvāb), सपना (hi) m (sapnā), आरज़ू f (ārzū), ख़याल m (xayāl)
- Hungarian: álom (hu)
- Indonesian: mimpi (id), impian (id)
- Italian: sogno (it) m
- Japanese: 夢 (ja) (yume), 希望 (ja) (kibō), 望み (ja) (nozomi), ドリーム (dorīmu)
- Kazakh: түс (kk) (tüs), арман (arman)
- Korean: 꿈 (ko) (kkum)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: xewn (ku) f, xeyal (ku) f, aşop (ku) f
- Kyrgyz: түштөгүдөй (tüştögüdöy), түш (ky) (tüş)
- Lao: ຄວາມຝັນ (khuām fan)
- Latin: somnium n, quiēs (la) f
- Latvian: sapnis (lv) m
- Lithuanian: svajonė (lt) f, svaja f
- Luxembourgish: Dram m, Wonsch (lb) m, Dreem
- Macedonian: мечта f (mečta)
- Malay: harapan (ms), impian
- Maori: wawata
- Marathi: स्वप्न n (svapna)
- Middle French: resve
- Mirandese: suonho
- Mongolian: мөрөөдөл (mn) (möröödöl)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: drøm (no) m
- Nynorsk: draum m
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: мъчьта f (mŭčĭta), ма̀шта f
- Persian: آرزو (fa) (ârezu), خیال (fa) (xiyâl, xayâl)
- Polish: marzenie (pl) n
- Portuguese: sonho (pt) m, desejo (pt) m
- Romanian: vis (ro) n
- Russian: мечта́ (ru) f (mečtá), грёза (ru) f (grjóza)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: сан m
- Roman: san (sh) m, màšta (sh) f
- Slovak: sen m
- Slovene: sánje (sl) f pl
- Spanish: sueño (es) m
- Swedish: dröm (sv) c
- Tagalog: pangarap
- Tajik: орзу (tg) (orzu), хаёл (xayol)
- Tarifit: tarjit f
- Tatar: хыял (tt) (xıyal)
- Telugu: స్వప్నం (svapnaṁ)
- Thai: ความฝัน (th) (kwaam-fǎn), ความใฝ่ฝัน
- Turkish: hayal (tr) (figurative), düş (tr) (figurative), arzu (tr) (literal)
- Turkmen: düýş
- Ukrainian: мрі́я (uk) f (mríja)
- Urdu: آرزو (ur) f (ārzū), خواب m (xvāb), سپنا m (sapnā), خیال m (xayāl)
- Uyghur: ئارزۇ (arzu)
- Uzbek: tush (uz), orzu (uz)
- Venetian: insonjo
- West Frisian: dream (fy)
- Yiddish: טרוים m (troym)
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Translations to be checked
Verb
dream (third-person singular simple present dreams, present participle dreaming, simple past and past participle dreamed or dreamt)
- (intransitive) To see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping.
Last night I dreamed of cupcakes and chocolate cookies.
- (intransitive) To hope, to wish.
Lucy dreams of becoming a scientist when she'll grow up.
- (intransitive) To daydream.
Stop dreaming and get back to work.
- (transitive) To envision as an imaginary experience (usually when asleep).
I dreamed a vivid dream last night.
- (intransitive) To consider the possibility (of).
I wouldn't dream of snubbing you in public.
c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , lines 167-8:There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,
Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.
1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., , →OCLC:But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection.
[…] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […], and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, little dreaming that the deadly tube was levelled at them.
Usage notes
- "Dreamt" is less common than "dreamed" in both US and UK English in current usage, though somewhat more prevalent in the UK than in the US.
Derived terms
Translations
see imaginary events while sleeping
- Adyghe: please add this translation if you can
- Ainu: ウェンタラㇷ゚ (wentarap)
- Albanian: ëndërroj (sq)
- Arabic: حَلَمَ (ar) (ḥalama)
- Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܚܠܡ (ḥəlam)
- Armenian: երազ տեսնել (hy) (eraz tesnel)
- Asturian: suañar (ast), soñar (ast)
- Azerbaijani: röya görmək
- Basque: amets egin
- Belarusian: сні́цца impf (snícca) (the person dreaming is the object)
- Bengali: স্বপ্ন দেখা (śopno dekha)
- Breton: hunvreal (br)
- Bulgarian: сънувам (bg) (sǎnuvam)
- Burmese: please add this translation if you can
- Catalan: somiar (ca)
- Chechen: гӏан (ğan), саха хуьйла (saxa xüüla)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 發夢/发梦 (faat3 mung6)
- Mandarin: 做夢/做梦 (zh) (zuòmèng), 夢見/梦见 (zh) (mèngjiàn), 發夢/发梦 (zh) (fāmèng) (Southwestern Mandarin)
- Czech: snít (cs), zdát se (cs), mít sny
- Danish: drømme
- Dutch: dromen (nl)
- Elfdalian: dröma
- Esperanto: sonĝi
- Estonian: näha und
- Faroese: droyma
- Finnish: nähdä unta, uneksia (fi)
- French: rêver (fr)
- Middle French: resver
- Old French: resver
- Friulian: insumiâsi
- Galician: soñar (gl)
- Georgian: სიზმრის ნახვა (sizmris naxva), დასიზმრება (dasizmreba)
- German: träumen (de)
- Greek: ονειρεύομαι (el) (oneirévomai)
- Ancient: ὀνειροπολέω (oneiropoléō)
- Greenlandic: sinnattorpoq
- Haitian Creole: reve
- Hawaiian: moeʻuhane
- Hebrew: חָלַם (he) (khalám)
- Hindi: सपना देखना (sapnā dekhnā)
- Hungarian: álmodik (hu)
- Icelandic: dreyma (is)
- Ido: sonjar (io)
- Indonesian: bermimpi (id), memimpikan (id)
- Interlingua: soniar
- Irish: taibhrigh
- Italian: sognare (it)
- Japanese: 夢を見る (yume o miru), ...を夢見る (...o yumemiru), 夢見る (ja) (ゆめみる, yumemiru)
- Jarai: rơpơi
- Javanese: ngimpi (jv)
- Kabyle: argu
- Khmer: យល់សប្តិ (yŭəl sɑp), មមាល (km) (mɔmiəl), សុបិន (km) (sobən)
- Korean: 꿈꾸다 (ko) (kkumkkuda)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: خەو بینین (xew bînîn)
- Lao: ຝັນ (fan)
- Latin: somniō
- Latvian: sapņot
- Lithuanian: sapnuoti (lt)
- Lombard: sognà
- Luganda: okuloota
- Luxembourgish: dreemen
- Macedonian: сонува (sonuva)
- Malay: bermimpi
- Maltese: ħolom (mt)
- Maori: tahakura (involving the appearance of someone who has died), moemoeā
- Maranao: taginep
- Marathi: स्वप्न पाहणे (svapna pāhṇe)
- Middle English: dremen
- Mongolian: зүүдлэх (mn) (züüdlex)
- Neapolitan: sunnà
- Nepali: सपना देख्नु (sapanā dekhnu)
- Northern Sami: niegadit
- Norwegian: drømme (no)
- Nynorsk: drøyma
- Occitan: somiar (oc)
- Old English: mǣtan
- Old Norse: dreyma
- Osage: hǫ́bre
- Persian: خواب دیدن (fa) (xâb didan)
- Piedmontese: sugné
- Polish: śnić (pl)
- Portuguese: sonhar (pt)
- Romani: dikhel suno
- Romanian: visa (ro)
- Romansch: siemiar
- Russian: ви́деть сон impf (vídetʹ son), уви́деть сон pf (uvídetʹ son), (+ dative case) сни́ться (ru) impf (snítʹsja), присни́ться (ru) pf (prisnítʹsja) (the person dreaming is the object) (e.g., мне приснилось, что ...), гре́зить (ru) impf (grézitʹ)
- Sardinian: bisai
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: сањати, снивати
- Roman: sanjati (sh), snivati (sh)
- Shona: -rota
- Sicilian: nzunnari (scn)
- Slovak: snívať
- Slovene: sanjati (sl)
- Spanish: soñar (es)
- Swahili: -ota (sw)
- Swedish: drömma (sv)
- Tamil: கனவு (ta) (kaṉavu)
- Tausug: tagainup
- Telugu: కలగను (te) (kalaganu)
- Tetum: mehi
- Thai: ฝันถึง, ฝัน (th) (fǎn)
- Tibetan: རྨི་བ (rmi ba)
- Turkish: rüya görmek (tr), düş görmek (tr)
- Ukrainian: сни́тися impf (snýtysja) (the person dreaming is the object)
- Uzbek: tush koʻrmoq
- Vietnamese: mơ (vi)
- Volapük: drimön (vo)
- Welsh: breuddwydio (cy)
- West Frisian: dreame (fy)
- Xhosa: please add this translation if you can
- Yiddish: חלומען (kholemen)
- Yucatec Maya: wayakʼ, náay
- ǃXóõ: ʘôõ ǁnṵã
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to hope, to wish
- Arabic: حَلَمَ (ar) (ḥalama)
- Armenian: երազել (hy) (erazel)
- Asturian: suañar (ast), soñar (ast)
- Basque: amestu
- Belarusian: ма́рыць impf (márycʹ), мро́іць impf (mróicʹ)
- Breton: hunvreal (br)
- Bulgarian: мечта́я (bg) impf (mečtája)
- Catalan: somiar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 夢想/梦想 (zh) (mèngxiǎng)
- Czech: přát (cs), doufat (cs), snít (cs)
- Danish: drømme
- Dutch: dromen (nl)
- Finnish: uneksia (fi), unelmoida (fi), haaveilla (fi)
- French: rêver (fr), souhaiter (fr)
- Galician: soñar (gl)
- Georgian: წადილი (c̣adili), ნდომა (ndoma)
- German: träumen (de), wünschen (de)
- Greek: ονειρεύομαι (el) (oneirévomai)
- Hebrew: חלם (he) (khalám)
- Indonesian: bermimpi (id), memimpikan (id)
- Italian: sognare (it)
- Japanese: 夢見る (ja) (yumemiru), 夢想する (musō suru)
- Khmer: សូង (soung)
- Korean: 꿈꾸다 (ko) (kkumkkuda)
- Lithuanian: svajoti
- Luxembourgish: dreemen, wënschen (lb)
- Malay: mengimpi
- Mongolian: мөрөөдөх (mn) (möröödöx)
- Polish: marzyć (pl)
- Portuguese: sonhar (pt), desejar (pt)
- Romanian: visa (ro)
- Russian: мечта́ть (ru) impf (mečtátʹ), гре́зить (ru) impf (grézitʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: са́њати, сни́вати, на́дати се
- Roman: sánjati (sh), snívati (sh), nádati se
- Slovak: snívať
- Spanish: soñar (es)
- Swedish: drömma (sv) c
- Thai: ฝันใฝ่, ปรารถนา (th) (bpràat-tà-nǎa)
- Turkish: hayali olmak, ummak (tr)
- Ukrainian: мрі́яти impf (mríjaty), ма́рити impf (máryty), мрі́ти impf (mríty)
- West Frisian: dreame (fy)
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to create an imaginary experience
Adjective
dream (not comparable)
- Ideal; perfect.
2014, P.G. Wodehouse, Jeeves and the Yule-Tide Spirit and Other Stories, Random House, →ISBN, page 158:If a girl who talked like that was not his dream girl, he didn't know a dream girl when he heard one.
2017 November 14, Phil McNulty, “England 0-0 Brazil”, in BBC News:England found chances a rarity, although Liverpool striker Solanke almost made it a dream debut in the closing seconds, only to miscontrol at the far post.
References
Further reading
- “dream”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “dream”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
- -derma, Mader, ad rem, armed, dearm, derma, derma-, m'dear, medar, ramed, redam
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish dremm (“crowd, throng”), from Proto-Celtic *drexsmā, itself probably related to *drungos (“throng, host”).
Pronunciation
Noun
dream m (genitive singular dreama, nominative plural dreamanna)
- crowd, group of people, party (group of people traveling or attending an event together, or participating in the same activity)
1929, Tomás Ó Criomhthain, “IV: Scolaidheacht agus Fánaidheacht”, in An t-Oileánach, page 48:Thug sé scilling do’n té ab’ fhearr is gach rang agus ar shíneadh na scillinge ’nár rang-ne ní h-aenne de’n dream mór do fuair í ach me féin.- He gave a shilling to the best one in each class, and when he was giving out shillings in our class, there wasn't one in that big group who got one but me myself.
Declension
Mutation
Irish mutation
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Radical
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Lenition
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Eclipsis
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dream
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dhream
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ndream
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Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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References
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “drem(m)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Dillon, Myles, Ó Cróinín, Donncha (1961) Teach Yourself Irish, Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN, page 224
- ^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 537
- ^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc (in Irish), Irish University Press, page 75
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 87
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 4, page 5
Further reading
Middle English
Noun
dream
- (Early Middle English) Alternative form of drem
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, whence also Old Frisian drām, Old Saxon drōm (“joy, music, dream”), Old High German troum, Old Norse draumr.
Pronunciation
Noun
drēam m
- joy, pleasure, gladness, rejoicing
- that which causes merriment: musical instrument, music, melody, song, harmony
- frenzy, ecstasy
Declension
Declension of dream (strong a-stem)
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian drām, from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
dream c (plural dreamen, diminutive dreamke)
- dream, vision in one's sleep
- 2008, Greet Andringa, Libben reach, Friese Pers Boekerij, page 70.
Hy koe net sliepe, want de dreamen oer syn deade maten wiene noch slimmer as wat er mei de eagen iepen seach.- He couldn't sleep, because the dreams about his dead companions were even worse than what he saw with his eyes open.
- daydream
- desire, what one wishes
- delusion
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “dream”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011