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In adjectival use (that is, with a following noun):
Nominative, dative, and accusative are always uninflected.
The genitive case takes the form dreier if no article or pronoun is preceding: Vater dreier Kinder – “a father of three children”; but: der Vater der drei Kinder – “the father of the three children”. The form dreier is somewhat elevated; even in formal writing it is sometimes more natural to avoid it (Vater vondrei Kindern).
In substantival use (that is, without a following noun):
Nominative and accusative are uninflected in the contemporary standard language. The form dreie still exists in colloquial German, chiefly in eastern Germany.
The dative case may take the form dreien: Ich sprach mit dreien. – “I spoke with three (people).” This rule is usually observed in formal standard German; but when a specification in the genitive case (or with von) is following, the bare form is more common: Ich sprach mit drei der Zeugen. – “I spoke with three of the witnesses.” In colloquial German, dreien is never obligatory.
James A. Tharp, Y-Bhăm Ƀuôn-yǎ (1980) A Rhade-English Dictionary with English-Rhade Finderlist (Pacific Linguistics. Series C-58), Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, →ISBN, archived from the original on 1 November 2021, page 26