From Middle Welsh dringo, borrowed from Old Irish dringid, from Proto-Celtic *dringeti. The form expected if the Welsh was a direct inheritance would be *dryngu.[1]
dringo (first-person singular present dringaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | dringaf | dringi | dring | dringwn | dringwch | dringant | dringir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
dringwn | dringit | dringai | dringem | dringech | dringent | dringid | |
preterite | dringais | dringaist | dringodd | dringasom | dringasoch | dringasant | dringwyd | |
pluperfect | dringaswn | dringasit | dringasai | dringasem | dringasech | dringasent | dringasid, dringesid | |
present subjunctive | dringwyf | dringych | dringo | dringom | dringoch | dringont | dringer | |
imperative | — | dring | dringed | dringwn | dringwch | dringent | dringer | |
verbal noun | dringo | |||||||
verbal adjectives | dringedig dringadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | dringa i, dringaf i | dringi di | dringith o/e/hi, dringiff e/hi | dringwn ni | dringwch chi | dringan nhw |
conditional | dringwn i, dringswn i | dringet ti, dringset ti | dringai fo/fe/hi, dringsai fo/fe/hi | dringen ni, dringsen ni | dringech chi, dringsech chi | dringen nhw, dringsen nhw |
preterite | dringais i, dringes i | dringaist ti, dringest ti | dringodd o/e/hi | dringon ni | dringoch chi | dringon nhw |
imperative | — | dringa | — | — | dringwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
dringo | ddringo | nringo | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.