. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Symbol
dum
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch.
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Hindi दम (dam).
Adjective
dum (not comparable)
- (India, cooking) cooked with steam
Related terms
Etymology 2
Interjection
dum
- Syllable used when humming a tune.
2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor:I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.
Etymology 3
Adjective
dum
- (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.
Etymology 4
Adjective
dum (not comparable)
- Pronunciation spelling of damn.
See also
Anagrams
Balinese
Romanization
dum
- Romanization of ᬤᬸᬫ᭄
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dum
- stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim
- foolish, silly, daft
Inflection
Inflection of dum
|
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
Indefinte common singular
|
dum
|
dummere
|
dummest2
|
Indefinite neuter singular
|
dumt
|
dummere
|
dummest2
|
Plural
|
dumme
|
dummere
|
dummest2
|
Definite attributive1
|
dumme
|
dummere
|
dummeste
|
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
|
Esperanto
Etymology
From Latin dum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key):
- Audio:
- Hyphenation: dum
Preposition
dum
- for
- Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj. ― I will be in the USA for two years.
- during
- while
- whereas
Ido
Etymology
From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.
Pronunciation
Preposition
dum
- during, in (a period of time)
- Il esis absenta dum tri yari. ― He was absent for three years.
Derived terms
- dume (“meanwhile, meantime”)
Javanese
Etymology
From Old Javanese dum.
Verb
dum
- to divide
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *dom, from Proto-Indo-European *dom. Compare dōnec from same source.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
dum
- (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until
- Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū
- Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.
- dum erunt hominēs ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)
c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE,
Virgil,
Georgics III.284–285:
- fugit inreparabile tempus
singula dum capti circumvectamur amore- Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.
- (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during
- Synonym: quamdiū
- (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
29 BCE – 19 BCE,
Virgil,
Aeneid 4.325–326:
- “Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter
dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”- “What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”
- (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that
- Synonym: dummodo
- Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.
Usage notes
Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres
References
- “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- dum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
- as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
- as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
- dum in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Maia
Adjective
dum
- wet
Middle English
Adjective
dum
- Alternative form of dumb
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.
Adjective
dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)
- foolish
- stupid, silly
Derived terms
References
- “dum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)
- foolish
- stupid, silly
References
- “dum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.
Noun
dum m
- down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags
Descendants
Old Irish
Noun
dum
- Alternative form of daum
Mutation
Old Irish mutation
|
Radical |
Lenition |
Nasalization
|
dum
|
dum pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/
|
ndum
|
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
|
Old Javanese
Etymology
Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t1um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
dum
- part
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dum/
- Rhymes: -um
- Syllabification: dum
Noun
dum f
- genitive plural of duma
Portuguese
Alternative forms
Etymology
From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).
Pronunciation
Contraction
dum (feminine duma, masculine plural duns, feminine plural dumas)
- Contraction of de um (“of/from a (masculine)”).
Usage notes
- The contraction of de + um / uma is never obligatory and sometimes associated with spoken language. In a few cases it is not possible:
- When de is part of a preposition, as in em vez de:
- Em vez de um escalão ter três anos, ...
- When um is a numeral:
- Trata-se de um ou dois dias.
References
Salar
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *tum-.
Pronunciation
- (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /tum/
- (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumu/
- (Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumɨ/, /tomɨ/
Noun
dum
- to settle, precipitate (weather)
Asman dumsa yağmur yağar.- If sky coulds up, it rains.
Derived terms
References
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “ɑsmɑn dumsɑ jɑʁmur jɑʁɑr”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 66
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “tum, tumu, tumy, tomy”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 513, 522-523
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “dum-”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 93
- 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “asman dumqïn gün”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 260
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “dum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 82
Saterland Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.
Adjective
dum
- stupid; dumb
- Synonym: hoolich
- blindly
- dizzy
Derived terms
References
- Marron C. Fort (2015), “dum”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)
- stupid, dumb
Du är inte så dum som du ser ut- You're not as stupid as you look
- causing trouble or annoyance
Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.- It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.
En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt- A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)
- (often childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty
Han var dum mot mig!- He was mean to me!
Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum- Mom told Olle to stop being naughty
Jag borde inte sagt elaka saker till honom. Det var dumt gjort.- I shouldn't have said mean things to him. It was a stupid thing to do. (not childish – leans more towards morally bad, like in English)
Declension
Derived terms
References
Tarifit
Etymology
Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām).
Pronunciation
|
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
|
Verb
dum (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ)
- (intransitive) to last, to subsist, to perpetuate
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Tausug
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem.
Noun
dum
- night
Uzbek
Etymology
From Persian دم (dom).
Noun
dum (plural dumlar)
- tail