dur

English

Etymology 1

German Dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard, firm, vigorous”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duːɹ/

Adjective

dur (not comparable)

1. (music, obsolete) Major; in the major mode.

   C dur

See also

• dur-brain (etymologically unrelated)

Further reading

• “dur”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “dur”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Etymology 2

Interjection

dur

1. Alternative form of duh (“indicating stupidity etc.”)
   • 2015, Liberty Kratz-Gullickson, Write Like a Girl, page 29:

     "Well, dur. I'm not that stupid, I knew that."

Etymology 3

Noun

dur (plural dur or durs)

1. (Belize, slang) A marijuana dealer.
   • 2023 June 13, Jules Vasquez, “Who Put Marybeth's Fraudulent Approval on Chester's Desk?”, in 7 News Belize‎:

     He began to tell me that Marybeth is accused or it is alleged she is one of the dur in Crooked Tree.

Anagrams

• RUD, Rud, Urd, rud, urd

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Adjective

dur (comparative daha dur, superlative ən dur)

1. (Classical Azerbaijani) far

Further reading

• “dur” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencian)
• Rhymes: -u(ɾ)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)

   Antonym: tou

2. difficult

   Synonym: difícil

   Antonym: fàcil

Derived terms

Related terms

• duresa
• durícia

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin dūcere, from Proto-Italic *doukō, from Proto-Indo-European *déwketi, from the root *dewk-.

Verb

dur (first-person singular present duc, first-person singular preterite duguí, past participle dut)

1. (transitive) to carry

   Synonym: portar

2. (transitive) to bring

   Synonym: portar

Conjugation

In Balearic, the second person singular form for the present indicative is duis.

Derived terms

• dur a terme

Related terms

Further reading

• “dur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “dur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “dur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “dur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: dur

Noun

dur n (indeclinable)

1. (music) major

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• duor

Etymology

From Latin dāre, present active infinitive of dō.

Verb

dur (first-person singular present da, past participle dut)

1. to give

Danish

Noun

dur

1. (music) major

Antonyms

• mol

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dyʁ/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -yʁ

Adjective

dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

1. hard, tough (difficult to penetrate)
2. hard (not soft)
3. hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
4. harsh (e.g. harsh conditions)
5. (art) harsh (of a penstroke)

Derived terms

Adverb

dur

1. hard

   travailler dur ― to work hard

Noun

dur m (plural durs)

1. firmness, solidity

Noun

dur m (plural durs, feminine dure)

1. hard case (tough person)

Further reading

• “dur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

Anagrams

• dru

Interlingua

Adjective

dur (comparative plus dur, superlative le plus dur)

1. hard, not soft

References

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).

Noun

dur (Arabic دوُر)

1. house

   Synonyms: abádi, khatumán, ku, kuš

2. door

Latvian

Verb

dur

1. inflection of durt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of durt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of durt

Lombard

Alternative forms

• dür (Modern orthography)

Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Pronunciation

• (Milan) IPA^(key): /dyːr/

Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur) (Classical Milanese orthography)

1. hard
2. tough, harsh
3. stringy (of food)

References

• Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 2, 1843, p. 58

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Attested from the 12th century.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural duras)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)
2. difficult

Derived terms

• durament

Related terms

• duretat

References

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

dur

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dur/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ur
• Syllabification: dur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *durь.

Noun

dur m inan

1. typhus (any of several similar diseases, characterized by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria)

   Synonym: tyfus

   dur brzuszny ― typhoid fever

   dur plamisty ― epidemic typhus

   dur powrotny ― relapsing fever

   dur rzekomy ― paratyphoid fever

2. (literary) daze, stupor, befuddlement (state of confusion caused by some strong stimulus, such as love)

   Synonym: zamroczenie

Declension

Related terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Dur.

Noun

dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)

1. (music) major (scale)

   Synonym: major

   Antonyms: minor, moll

Adjective

dur (not comparable, no derived adverb)

1. (music) major (scale)

   Synonyms: durowy, major, majorowy

   Antonyms: minor, minorowy, moll, mollowy

Further reading

• dur I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• dur II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• dur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romani

Etymology

From Sanskrit दूर (dūrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s, from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).

Adverb

dur

1. far

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French dur, Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dur/

Adjective

dur m or n (feminine singular dură, masculine plural duri, feminine and neuter plural dure)

1. hard, tough

   Synonym: tare

2. rough, harsh, severe

   Synonyms: aspru, sever

Declension

Related terms

• duritate

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

dur m inan (genitive singular duru, nominative plural dury, genitive plural durov, declension pattern of dub)

1. (music) major scale

Declension

References

• “dur”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Sursurunga

Adjective

dur

1. dirty

Further reading

• Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)
• Don Hutchisson, Sursurunga grammar essentials (1975)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Noun

dur c

1. (music) major scale

Related terms

• durackord
• durskala
• durton
• durtonard

References

• dur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)

Turkish

Verb

dur

1. second-person singular imperative of durmak

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh dur, from Proto-Brythonic *dʉr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɨːr/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /diːr/
• Rhymes: -ɨːr
• Homophone: dir (South Wales)

Noun

dur m (uncountable)

1. steel

Adjective

dur (feminine singular dur, plural dur, not comparable)

1. (made of) steel
2. (figurative) steely, hard, cruel

Mutation

References