durcir

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French

Etymology

Back-formation from endurcir, based on Latin dūrēscere.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dyʁ.siʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

durcir

  1. to harden
  2. (pronominal) to harden, become more serious

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of durcir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple durcir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple durcissant
/dyʁ.si.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle durci
/dyʁ.si/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present durcis
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcis
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcit
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcissons
/dyʁ.si.sɔ̃/ 		durcissez
/dyʁ.si.se/ 		durcissent
/dyʁ.sis/
imperfect durcissais
/dyʁ.si.sɛ/ 		durcissais
/dyʁ.si.sɛ/ 		durcissait
/dyʁ.si.sɛ/ 		durcissions
/dyʁ.si.sjɔ̃/ 		durcissiez
/dyʁ.si.sje/ 		durcissaient
/dyʁ.si.sɛ/
past historic2 durcis
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcis
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcit
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcîmes
/dyʁ.sim/ 		durcîtes
/dyʁ.sit/ 		durcirent
/dyʁ.siʁ/
future durcirai
/dyʁ.si.ʁe/ 		durciras
/dyʁ.si.ʁa/ 		durcira
/dyʁ.si.ʁa/ 		durcirons
/dyʁ.si.ʁɔ̃/ 		durcirez
/dyʁ.si.ʁe/ 		durciront
/dyʁ.si.ʁɔ̃/
conditional durcirais
/dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ 		durcirais
/dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ 		durcirait
/dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/ 		durcirions
/dyʁ.si.ʁjɔ̃/ 		durciriez
/dyʁ.si.ʁje/ 		durciraient
/dyʁ.si.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present durcisse
/dyʁ.sis/ 		durcisses
/dyʁ.sis/ 		durcisse
/dyʁ.sis/ 		durcissions
/dyʁ.si.sjɔ̃/ 		durcissiez
/dyʁ.si.sje/ 		durcissent
/dyʁ.sis/
imperfect2 durcisse
/dyʁ.sis/ 		durcisses
/dyʁ.sis/ 		durcît
/dyʁ.si/ 		durcissions
/dyʁ.si.sjɔ̃/ 		durcissiez
/dyʁ.si.sje/ 		durcissent
/dyʁ.sis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — durcis
/dyʁ.si/ 		— durcissons
/dyʁ.si.sɔ̃/ 		durcissez
/dyʁ.si.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

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