dwingen

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch dwingen, from Old Dutch *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, *þwinganą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdʋɪŋə(n)/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: dwin‧gen
  • Rhymes: -ɪŋən

Verb

dwingen

  1. (transitive) to force, coerce (someone)
    Synonym: forceren
    De overvallers probeerden de winkelbediende te dwingen de kluis te openen.
    The robbers tried to force the store clerk to open the safe.
    Ik zal je niet dwingen om te komen, maar ik zou het op prijs stellen.
    I won't force you to come, but I would appreciate it.
  2. (transitive) to constrain, enforce, cause inevitably
    De wet kan bedrijven dwingen milieuvriendelijke maatregelen te nemen.
    The law can constrain companies to take environmentally friendly measures.
    De omstandigheden dwongen ons om een beslissing te nemen.
    The circumstances enforced us to make a decision.
    De veranderingen in de markt dwingen het bedrijf om zich aan te passen.
    The market changes cause inevitably the company to adapt.
  3. (transitive) to insist forcefully

Conjugation

Conjugation of dwingen (strong class 3a)
infinitive dwingen
past singular dwong
past participle gedwongen
infinitive dwingen
gerund dwingen n
present tense past tense
1st person singular dwing dwong
2nd person sing. (jij) dwingt, dwing2 dwong
2nd person sing. (u) dwingt dwong
2nd person sing. (gij) dwingt dwongt
3rd person singular dwingt dwong
plural dwingen dwongen
subjunctive sing.1 dwinge dwonge
subjunctive plur.1 dwingen dwongen
imperative sing. dwing
imperative plur.1 dwingt
participles dwingend gedwongen
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: dwing
  • Negerhollands: twing, dwing
  • → Aukan: dwengi
  • → Papiamentu: dwinge (dated)
  • → Sranan Tongo: dwengi, dwingi

Anagrams

Low German

Etymology

From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.

Pronunciation

Verb

dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. (transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)
  2. (intransitive, with "to ...") to necessitate; to call for

Conjugation

Conjugation of dwingen (class 3 strong verb)
infinitive dwingen
indicative present preterite
1st person singular dwing dwung
2nd person singular dwings(t) dwungs(t)
3rd person singular dwing(t) dwung
plural dwingt, dwingen dwungen
imperative present —
singular dwing
plural dwingt
participle present past
dwingen (e)dwungen, gedwungen
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *thwingan

Verb

dwingen

  1. to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch
  2. to hurt, to torment
  3. to pressure (mentally)
  4. to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control
  5. to force, to compel

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive dwingen
3rd sg. past dwanc
3rd pl. past dwongen
Past participle gedwongen
Infinitive dwingen
In genitive dwingens
In dative dwingene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular dwinge dwanc
2nd singular dwincs, dwinges dwoncs, dwonges
3rd singular dwinct, dwinget dwanc
1st plural dwingen dwongen
2nd plural dwinct, dwinget dwonct, dwonget
3rd plural dwingen dwongen
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular dwinge dwonge
2nd singular dwincs, dwinges dwonges
3rd singular dwinge dwonge
1st plural dwingen dwongen
2nd plural dwinct, dwinget dwonget
3rd plural dwingen dwongen
Imperative Present
Singular dwinc, dwinge
Plural dwinct, dwinget
Present Past
Participle dwingende gedwongen

Descendants

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia