dúr

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "dur"

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur, from Latin durus (“hard”).[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

dúr (not comparable)

  1. (music) major
    dúr akkord ― major chord

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative dúr dúrok
accusative dúrt dúrokat
dative dúrnak dúroknak
instrumental dúrral dúrokkal
causal-final dúrért dúrokért
translative dúrrá dúrokká
terminative dúrig dúrokig
essive-formal dúrként dúrokként
essive-modal — —
inessive dúrban dúrokban
superessive dúron dúrokon
adessive dúrnál dúroknál
illative dúrba dúrokba
sublative dúrra dúrokra
allative dúrhoz dúrokhoz
elative dúrból dúrokból
delative dúrról dúrokról
ablative dúrtól dúroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		dúré dúroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		dúréi dúrokéi

Noun

dúr (plural dúrok)

  1. (music) a major key or scale
    D-dúr ― D major

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative dúr dúrok
accusative dúrt dúrokat
dative dúrnak dúroknak
instrumental dúrral dúrokkal
causal-final dúrért dúrokért
translative dúrrá dúrokká
terminative dúrig dúrokig
essive-formal dúrként dúrokként
essive-modal — —
inessive dúrban dúrokban
superessive dúron dúrokon
adessive dúrnál dúroknál
illative dúrba dúrokba
sublative dúrra dúrokra
allative dúrhoz dúrokhoz
elative dúrból dúrokból
delative dúrról dúrokról
ablative dúrtól dúroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		dúré dúroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		dúréi dúrokéi
Possessive forms of dúr
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. dúrom dúrjaim
2nd person sing. dúrod dúrjaid
3rd person sing. dúrja dúrjai
1st person plural dúrunk dúrjaink
2nd person plural dúrotok dúrjaitok
3rd person plural dúrjuk dúrjaik

Derived terms

Compound words

References

  1. ^ dúr in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

Further reading

  • dúr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • dúr in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Anagrams

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰew-r-, cognate with Russian дурь (durʹ), Ukrainian дур (dur), дура (dura). See dúra.

Noun

dúr m (genitive singular dúrs, nominative plural dúrar)

  1. nap (short period of sleep)
  2. a short break
  3. a short while
Declension
Declension of dúr (masculine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative dúr dúrinn dúrar dúrarnir
accusative dúr dúrinn dúra dúrana
dative dúr dúrnum dúrum dúrunum
genitive dúrs dúrsins dúra dúranna

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Danish dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Noun

dúr m (genitive singular dúrs, nominative plural dúrar)

  1. (music) a major key or scale
Declension
Declension of dúr (masculine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative dúr dúrinn dúrar dúrarnir
accusative dúr dúrinn dúra dúrana
dative dúr dúrnum dúrum dúrunum
genitive dúrs dúrsins dúra dúranna
Antonyms
Derived terms

References

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish dúr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

dúr (genitive singular masculine dúir, genitive singular feminine dúire, plural dúra, comparative dúire)

  1. (literary) hard
    1. rigid, solid
    2. hardy, tough
    3. difficult
    4. hard to bear
    5. unfeeling
  2. dour, grim, obstinate
  3. dense, stupid
  4. sluggish

Declension

Declension of dúr
singular plural (m/f)
Positive masculine feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
nominative dúr dhúr dúra;
dhúra2
vocative dhúir dúra
genitive dúire dúra dúr
dative dúr;
dhúr1 		dhúr;
dhúir (archaic) 		dúra;
dhúra2
Comparative níos dúire
Superlative is dúire

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of dúr
radical lenition eclipsis
dúr dhúr ndúr

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Middle Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Adjective

dúr (comparative dúru, superlative duirem)

  1. rigid, hard, solid
  2. difficult
  3. hard to bear
  4. strict, austere
  5. hardy, resolute
  6. unfeeling, dour, obdurate

Descendants

  • Irish: dúr
  • Scottish Gaelic: dùr
  • → Scots: dour

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia