ech
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ech"
Bergish
Alternative forms
Pronoun
ech
East Central German
Alternative forms
Pronoun
ech
- (Oberländisch High Prussian) I (first person pronoun)
- E. Heinel, Erinnerungen. 2. Die Stadt Marienburg, in: 1849, Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter. Jahrgang 1849. Juli – December, Königsberg, p. 161ff., here p. 174 (), an example inside of a Standard High German text:
- Eine Probe dieses Dialekts wird seine Anmuth klar machen. Ein Schulknabe erhob bei seinem Lehrer, welcher zugleich Kantor an der evangelischen Kirche war, folgende Anklage; „Herr Kunterche (Kantorchen) de Junges soge emmer, ech hob dem Matzing (Metzing) saine Kraih (Krähe) gestohle!“
- 1881, August Schemionek, Ausdrücke und Redensarten der Elbingschen Mundart mit einem Anhange von Anekdoten dem Volke nacherzählt. Gesammelt und erklärt, Verlag von Theodor Bertling, Danzig, p. 49 (inside the section Proben der Elbingischen Mundart), an example beginning with Standard High German:
- Arzt: Nun Frau Vogelreuter, Sie haben mich rufen lassen, was fehlt Ihnen denn?
„Na Herr Docter, oech wees je nich, esse ess oech, trinke trink oech, on schloafe schloaf oech och—man es romort mer so en de Kaldaunen.“—- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- E. Heinel, Erinnerungen. 2. Die Stadt Marienburg, in: 1849, Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter. Jahrgang 1849. Juli – December, Königsberg, p. 161ff., here p. 174 (), an example inside of a Standard High German text:
Esperanto
Adverb
ech
- H-system spelling of eĉ
Kalasha
Noun
ech
- alternative spelling of eč
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-Germanic *ik.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eχ/,
- Homophones: iech, Iech (unstressed only)
Pronoun
ech
- first-person singular, nominative: I
- Ech liese gären. ― I like reading.
Declension
| nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||||||
| singular | 1st person | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | |||
| 2nd person | informal | du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | |||
| formal | Dir | Der | Iech | Iech | Iech | Iech | Iech | ||||
| 3rd person | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |||
| f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||||
| n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||||
| plural | 1st person | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | |||
| 2nd person | dir | der | iech | iech | iech | iech | iech | ||||
| 3rd person | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech | ||||
Middle English
Alternative forms
- eche, ich, iche, ych
- æch, ælc, ælch, elch, euch, ilch, illc, ulche (Early Middle English)
- elke, ilk, ylke (Northern)
- oeuch, uch, uche (West Midlands)
Etymology
From Old English ǣlċ, a contraction of ǣġhwylċ (compare ewilch). For the loss of /l/, compare which, swich.
Pronunciation
Determiner
ech
- every (all of a group)
- each (all of a group, seen individually)
- (Early Middle English) any; at all
- (rare) All kinds of.
Descendants
References
- “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Pronoun
ech
Descendants
References
- “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Primitive Irish *ᚓᚊᚐᚄ (*eqas), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognates include Latin equus, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva) and Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ech m (genitive eich, nominative plural eich)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ech | echL | eichL |
| vocative | eich | echL | eochuH |
| accusative | echN | echL | eochuH |
| genitive | eichL | ech | echN |
| dative | eochL | echaib | echaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Synonyms
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| ech (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ech |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Polish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Interjection
ech
- argh! (used to express disappointment, despondence, or impatience)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
ech n