empenar

Attested since 1257. From en- +‎ pena (“feather; vane”) +‎ -ar.

• IPA^(key):

empenar (first-person singular present empeno, first-person singular preterite empenei, past participle empenado)

1. to warp

   Synonyms: abarcular, cambar, lorear, pandar

   Antonym: desempenar

2. (archaic) to feather
3. (transitive, intransitive) to call (to council)

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “empenar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “enpen”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “empenar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “empenar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “empenar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “empenar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Possibly a variant of empinar, or from empena +‎ -ar, if empena is not itself derived from empenar.

empenar (first-person singular present empeno, first-person singular preterite empenei, past participle empenado)

1. (transitive) to warp (wood)
2. (intransitive) to warp (of wood)
3. (intransitive) to deviate from a plumb line, to deflect
4. (figurative, intransitive) to twist, to become twisted

• “empenar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
• “empenar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “empenar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024

From em- +‎ pena +‎ -ar.

empenar (first-person singular present empeno, first-person singular preterite empenei, past participle empenado)

1. (transitive) to cover or adorn with feathers
2. (intransitive or reflexive) to produce feathers (of a bird)
3. (reflexive) to become covered or adorned with feathers

• “empenar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
• “empenar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “empenar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024