empirer

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French

Etymology

Attested in Old French as empirier, empoirier, equivalent to en- + pire (“worse”) + -er. Compare Spanish empeorar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.pi.ʁe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

empirer

  1. (transitive, rare) to worsen
    Synonym: aggraver
    • 1996, Chrystine Brouillet, C'est pour mieux t'aimer, mon enfant, →ISBN, page 83:
      "Il ne faut pas empirer les choses"
      Let's not make things worse.
  2. (intransitive) to worsen

Conjugation

Conjugation of empirer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple empirer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple empirant
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle empiré
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present empire
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		empires
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		empire
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		empirons
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɔ̃/ 		empirez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁe/ 		empirent
/ɑ̃.piʁ/
imperfect empirais
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɛ/ 		empirais
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɛ/ 		empirait
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɛ/ 		empirions
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ 		empiriez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁje/ 		empiraient
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɛ/
past historic2 empirai
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁe/ 		empiras
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁa/ 		empira
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁa/ 		empirâmes
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁam/ 		empirâtes
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁat/ 		empirèrent
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɛʁ/
future empirerai
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁe/ 		empireras
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁa/ 		empirera
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁa/ 		empirerons
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		empirerez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁe/ 		empireront
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional empirerais
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		empirerais
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		empirerait
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		empirerions
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		empireriez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁje/ 		empireraient
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present empire
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		empires
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		empire
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		empirions
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ 		empiriez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁje/ 		empirent
/ɑ̃.piʁ/
imperfect2 empirasse
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁas/ 		empirasses
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁas/ 		empirât
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁa/ 		empirassions
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		empirassiez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁa.sje/ 		empirassent
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — empire
/ɑ̃.piʁ/ 		— empirons
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁɔ̃/ 		empirez
/ɑ̃.pi.ʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Anagrams

Middle French

Etymology

Attested in Old French as empirier, equivalent to en- + pire (“worse”) + -er.

Verb

empirer

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to worsen

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of empirer
infinitive simple empirer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple empirant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle empiré
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present empire empires empire empirons empirez empirent
imperfect empirois, empiroys empirois, empiroys empiroit, empiroyt empirions, empiryons empiriez, empiryez empiroient, empiroyent
past historic empira empiras empira empirasmes empirastes empirerent
future empirerai, empireray empireras empirera empirerons empirerez empireront
conditional empirerois, empireroys empirerois, empireroys empireroit, empireroyt empirerions, empireryons empireriez, empireryez empireroient, empireroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present empire empires empire empirons empirez empirent
imperfect empirasse empirasses empirast empirassions empirassiez empirassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — empire — empirons empirez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).
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