encourager

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English

Alternative forms

Etymology

encourage +‎ -er

Noun

encourager (plural encouragers)

  1. One who provides encouragement.

See also

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French encoragier. By surface analysis, en- +‎ courage +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

encourager

  1. (transitive) to encourage
    Antonym: décourager
    Elle m’encourage à toujours faire de mon mieux.
    She encourages me to always do my best.
    • 1759, Voltaire, Candide‎, page 160:
      Mais dans ce pays-ci il est bon de tuer de tems en tems un Amiral pour encourager les autres.
      But in this country it is good to kill an Admiral from time to time to encourage the others.
  2. (reflexive pronominal) to motivate oneself
    Antonym: se décourager
  3. (reciprocal pronominal) to encourage each other
    Ils se sont encouragés les uns les autres à faire de leur mieux.
    They encouraged each other to do their best.
  4. (transitive) to promote

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written encourage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of encourager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple encourager
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple encourageant
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle encouragé
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present encourage
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		encourages
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		encourage
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		encourageons
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɔ̃/ 		encouragez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒe/ 		encouragent
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/
imperfect encourageais
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɛ/ 		encourageais
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɛ/ 		encourageait
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɛ/ 		encouragions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ 		encouragiez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒje/ 		encourageaient
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɛ/
past historic2 encourageai
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒe/ 		encourageas
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒa/ 		encouragea
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒa/ 		encourageâmes
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒam/ 		encourageâtes
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒat/ 		encouragèrent
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɛʁ/
future encouragerai
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁe/ 		encourageras
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁa/ 		encouragera
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁa/ 		encouragerons
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		encouragerez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁe/ 		encourageront
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional encouragerais
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		encouragerais
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		encouragerait
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		encouragerions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		encourageriez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒə.ʁje/ 		encourageraient
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present encourage
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		encourages
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		encourage
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		encouragions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ 		encouragiez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒje/ 		encouragent
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/
imperfect2 encourageasse
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒas/ 		encourageasses
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒas/ 		encourageât
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒa/ 		encourageassions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		encourageassiez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒa.sje/ 		encourageassent
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — encourage
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁaʒ/ 		— encourageons
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒɔ̃/ 		encouragez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁa.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Descendants

  • → Romanian: încuraja

Further reading

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