engendrer

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French engendrer, from Old French engendrer, engenrer, angenrer, from Latin ingenerāre.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

engendrer

  1. (transitive) to generate, spawn, beget

Conjugation

Conjugation of engendrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple engendrer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple engendrant
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle engendré
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present engendre
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		engendres
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		engendre
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		engendrons
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		engendrez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ 		engendrent
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/
imperfect engendrais
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ 		engendrais
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ 		engendrait
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ 		engendrions
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		engendriez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.je/ 		engendraient
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/
past historic2 engendrai
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ 		engendras
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa/ 		engendra
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa/ 		engendrâmes
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁam/ 		engendrâtes
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁat/ 		engendrèrent
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛʁ/
future engendrerai
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁe/ 		engendreras
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁa/ 		engendrera
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁa/ 		engendrerons
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		engendrerez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁe/ 		engendreront
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional engendrerais
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ 		engendrerais
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ 		engendrerait
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ 		engendrerions
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		engendreriez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁje/ 		engendreraient
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present engendre
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		engendres
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		engendre
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		engendrions
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		engendriez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.je/ 		engendrent
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/
imperfect2 engendrasse
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁas/ 		engendrasses
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁas/ 		engendrât
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa/ 		engendrassions
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		engendrassiez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa.sje/ 		engendrassent
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — engendre
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ 		— engendrons
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		engendrez
/ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French engendrer, engenrer, angenrer.

Verb

engendrer

  1. to engender; to beget
  2. (by extension) to create; to make

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of engendrer
infinitive simple engendrer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple engendrant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle engendré
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present engendre engendres engendre engendrons engendrez engendrent
imperfect engendrois, engendroys engendrois, engendroys engendroit, engendroyt engendrions, engendryons engendriez, engendryez engendroient, engendroyent
past historic engendra engendras engendra engendrasmes engendrastes engendrerent
future engendrerai, engendreray engendreras engendrera engendrerons engendrerez engendreront
conditional engendrerois, engendreroys engendrerois, engendreroys engendreroit, engendreroyt engendrerions, engendreryons engendreriez, engendreryez engendreroient, engendreroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present engendre engendres engendre engendrons engendrez engendrent
imperfect engendrasse engendrasses engendrast engendrassions engendrassiez engendrassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — engendre — engendrons engendrez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin ingenerāre.

Verb

engendrer

  1. to engender; to beget
    • Jean de Mandeville, Le livre des merveilles du monde, ed. C. Deluz, Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes 31, Paris, 2000. Available via the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
      La comaunda ly angele a Adam q'il cohabistast ovesqez sa femme, si engendra Seth du quel tribu Jhesu Crist nasquy
      Then the angel commanded to Adam that he have sex with his wife, so he begat Seth, from which the tribe of Jesus Christ was born
  2. to cause; to bring about; to generate
    • 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):
      Or est il ainsi qu’en iceulx couvertures es parties loing des costes ne se peut engendrer apostume
      Thus it is so that in these coverings in the parts far away from the ribs, an abscess cannot form

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of engendrer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive engendrer avoir engendré
gerund en engendrant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle engendrant
past participle engendré
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present engendre engendres engendre engendrons engendrez engendrent
imperfect engendroie, engendreie, engendroe, engendreve engendroies, engendreies, engendroes, engendreves engendroit, engendreit, engendrot, engendreve engendriiens, engendriens engendriiez, engendriez engendroient, engendreient, engendroent, engendrevent
preterite engendrai engendras engendra engendrames engendrastes engendrerent
future engendrerai engendreras engendrera engendrerons engendreroiz, engendrereiz, engendrerez engendreront
conditional engendreroie, engendrereie engendreroies, engendrereies engendreroit, engendrereit engendreriiens, engendreriens engendreriiez, engendreriez engendreroient, engendrereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present engendre engendres engendre engendrons engendrez engendrent
imperfect engendrasse engendrasses engendrast engendrissons, engendrissiens engendrissoiz, engendrissez, engendrissiez engendrassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— engendre — engendrons engendrez —

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