engourdir

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French

Etymology

From en- +‎ gourd +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.diʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

engourdir

  1. (transitive) to numb, make numb
  2. (transitive) to dull, deaden, blunt
  3. (reflexive) to go numb, go to sleep

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of engourdir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple engourdir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple engourdissant
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle engourdi
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present engourdis
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdis
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdit
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdissons
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɔ̃/ 		engourdissez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.se/ 		engourdissent
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/
imperfect engourdissais
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ 		engourdissais
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ 		engourdissait
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ 		engourdissions
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ 		engourdissiez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/ 		engourdissaient
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/
past historic2 engourdis
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdis
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdit
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdîmes
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dim/ 		engourdîtes
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dit/ 		engourdirent
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.diʁ/
future engourdirai
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁe/ 		engourdiras
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁa/ 		engourdira
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁa/ 		engourdirons
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ 		engourdirez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁe/ 		engourdiront
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/
conditional engourdirais
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ 		engourdirais
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ 		engourdirait
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ 		engourdirions
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ 		engourdiriez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁje/ 		engourdiraient
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present engourdisse
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ 		engourdisses
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ 		engourdisse
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ 		engourdissions
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ 		engourdissiez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/ 		engourdissent
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/
imperfect2 engourdisse
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ 		engourdisses
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ 		engourdît
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		engourdissions
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ 		engourdissiez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/ 		engourdissent
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — engourdis
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ 		— engourdissons
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɔ̃/ 		engourdissez
/ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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