From Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).
Several proposals have been made attempting to derive the perfect ro·ír from a reduplicated preterite *ɸeɸore. Many sound laws proposed to transform *ɸeɸore to ·ír run into a major counterexample in nïad (“of a nephew”, gen. sg. < *neɸotos, featuring the same *eɸo sequence). Nikolaev (2010) more convincingly reconstructs *ɸīrat (3sg.), derived from a Narten-ablaut imperfect.[1]
ernaid (verbal noun rath)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ernaid.
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·ernad | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·ír; ronn·ír (with infixed pronoun n-) | ro·ratha | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ebarthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) | ebarthir | ||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·ere (attested as ro·ere, a ro-form) | ·ǽra (attested as ra·ǽra, a ro-form with infixed pronoun a-) | ·erthar (attested as ro·erthar, a ro-form) | ||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·ertha | ·erthe (attested as ro·erthe, a ro-form) | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | rath | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| ernaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ernaid |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.